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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150202T000000
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DTSTAMP:20260616T153942
CREATED:20200922T220046Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005130Z
UID:4297-1422835200-1422835200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:David Funder - The World at Seven: Comparing Situations Across 19 Countries with Riverside Situational Q-sort
DESCRIPTION:David Funder: UC RiversideBehavior is a function of the person and the situation\, and understanding the “personality triad” of persons\, situations and behaviors requires assessment instruments for all three. However\, until recently tools for assessing situations were not available. The Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ) was developed to fill this gap\, and has been applied in the study of cross-situational consistency in behavior\, and also used to operationalize and test implications of situational types posited by evolutionary theory. Most recently\, The International Situations Project was begun as the first attempt to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience across cultures. Collaborators from 19 cultures directed college student participants (total N = 3\,287) to a website (www.internationalsituationsproject.com) where\, using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ)\, they described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7 pm. The average situational Q-sort profile for each culture was compared with all others. The most similar cultures were USA/Canada\, and the least similar cultures were Korea/Denmark\, Korea/Estonia\, and Estonia/Australia. The culture with the most similar situational experience to the others\, overall\, was Canada; the most distinctive was South Korea. The RSQ item that varied the most across cultures was “People are disagreeing about something” (Czech Republic highest; Japan lowest); the second least varying item was “Members of the opposite sex are present.” In general\, the items that varied the most across cultures described negative aspects of situational experience; the least varying items were more positive. The RSQ is shown to be versatile tool for assessing situations in diverse research contexts.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/david-funder-the-world-at-seven-comparing-situations-across-19-countries-with-riverside-situational-q-sort/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150209T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150209T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T153942
CREATED:20200922T220044Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005130Z
UID:4294-1423440000-1423440000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Federico Rossano - The Emergence of Property Concerns in Ontogeny and Phylogeny
DESCRIPTION:Federico Rossano: Max Plank InstituteSocial theorists as diverse as Locke\, Hume\, Rousseau\, and Marx have suggested that without the institution of property modern civil society would not exist. All human societies care about ownership of at least some kinds of things (Brown\, 1991; Hann\, 1998)\, yet young children struggle to understand property and come only gradually to an understanding of ownership and how it may be legitimately transferred. Little is known about non-human primates understanding of property\, in that they appear to have a sense of possession and will fight to protect the food that is in their physical control (Kummer & Cords\, 1991; Sigg & Falett\, 1985)\, but there is currently no evidence that they have any sense of ownership (i.e.\, they would respect others’ property even when they are absent) (Brosnan\, 2011). In this talk I present a series of studies on preschoolers investigating their understanding of (i) under which conditions who owns what (call them ‘‘conditions of ownership’’ rules)\, and (ii) what implications (rights\, commitments\, entitlements\, etc.) owning which objects carries under which conditions (call them ‘‘implications of ownership’’ rules). I will then present some additional studies investigating the role played by communication and cooperation in the sustainability of property as a social institution. I will finally compare the behavior of preschoolers and non-human primates in situations testing their tendency to respect other individuals’ properties and to protest when their property is violated.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/federico-rossano-the-emergence-of-property-concerns-in-ontogeny-and-phylogeny/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150223T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150223T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T153942
CREATED:20200922T220053Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005130Z
UID:4299-1424649600-1424649600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Corina Logan - How New Caledonian Crows Learn About and Solve Foraging Problems
DESCRIPTION:Corina Logan: UCSBNew Caledonian crows are one of the few species that make and use tools in the wild. Tool types differ across their range in an overlapping pattern\, suggesting that tool designs are copied with a high fidelity and may be transmitted across generations\, thus allowing for cumulative changes to occur to the lineage of each tool type over time (cumulative technological culture hypothesis). However\, little is known about how these crows learn to make such tools\, how this information is transmitted to others\, or what they know about the problems they solve. I present results from two experiments on wild-caught New Caledonian crows examining what information observers attend to\, how social information is transmitted among juveniles and adults\, and whether they attend to causal information when solving foraging problems.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/corina-logan-how-new-caledonian-crows-learn-about-and-solve-foraging-problems/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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