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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150302T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150302T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T102611
CREATED:20200922T220054Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005130Z
UID:4300-1425254400-1425254400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Ben Trumble - Surviving the Flood:  Risk Management\, Resilience\, and the Endocrine and Health Impacts of Natural Disaster in a Subsistence Population
DESCRIPTION:Ben Trumble: UCSBIn February 2014\, catastrophic flooding impacted the Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of lowland Bolivia. Flooding decimated the subsistence lifestyle and more than two-thirds of villages were flooded (completely destroying crops and washing away most possessions); thousands fled to the nearby market town of San Borja.  Widespread food insecurity and disease followed.  This project examines the immediate impacts of catastrophic flooding on a subsistence population with limited support from formal institutions (e.g. government\, NGO’s\, insurance firms) characteristic of Industrial populations.  In a sample of more than 400 families this study examines acute effects of disaster and crop/material losses on behavior\, psychosocial stress\, endocrine physiology\, and health.  We find a 2.6 fold increase in anemia and 2.4 fold increase in high white blood cell counts following the flood\, as well as a nearly a one unit decrease in body mass index (BMI).  Individuals with higher levels of crop loss were more present oriented in a time discounting task\, and family illness predicted whether individuals moved the locations of their homes and fields homes following the flood.  Natural disasters impact all populations\, yet rural\, indigenous populations are particularly vulnerable. Understanding factors promoting resilience in a population with limited schooling\, material wealth\, or access to modern healthcare is an important goal\, as much of the world’s population lives in extreme poverty.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/ben-trumble-surviving-the-flood-risk-management-resilience-and-the-endocrine-and-health-impacts-of-natural-disaster-in-a-subsistence-population/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150304T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150304T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T102611
CREATED:20200922T220054Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005130Z
UID:4301-1425427200-1425427200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Eduardo Fernandez-Duque - The Importance of Food\, Jealousy\, and Paternal Care in the Evolution of Owl Monkey Monogamy
DESCRIPTION:Eduardo Fernandez-Duque: Yale UniversityI will discuss published and new data from a population of monogamous owl monkeys in the Argentinean Chaco that we have been studying for almost 20 years to examine the hypothesis that social monogamy is a default social system imposed upon males because the spatial and/or temporal distribution of resources and females makes it difficult for a single male to defend access to more than one mate. Over the years we have tested predictions on ranging patterns\, use of space\, population density and the abundance and distribution of food. We have also examined the extent to which the ranging and ecological data allow us to predict demographic and life-history parameters as proxies for reproductive success.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/eduardo-fernandez-duque-the-importance-of-food-jealousy-and-paternal-care-in-the-evolution-of-owl-monkey-monogamy/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150309T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150309T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T102611
CREATED:20200922T220117Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005129Z
UID:4304-1425859200-1425859200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:John Tooby - Political Epidemiology\, History\, and the Evolutionary Psychology of Outrage.
DESCRIPTION:John Tooby: UCSBDon’t shoot! Rodney King.  Remember the Maine. The Reichstag Fire. Guernica. The War of Jenkins Ear.  The murder of Emmet Till.  Events in which one or more members of one group injure the welfare of one or more members of another group (“outrages”) typically provoke extraordinarily strong and frequently violent responses directed more or less indiscriminately at members of the group from which the offender or offenders came.  Such events are treated entirely differently than parallel harms performed by individuals within groups.  They unleash cultural processes in which accounts of harms rapidly spread through the group the victims came from.  Generally\, as news of the (sometimes fabricated) harm is transmitted from person to person\, details are added to representations of the event so that the actions depicted seem harsher\, more intentional\, and more group-targeted.  Many group members treat inflammatory portrayals of interactions and the rage they generate as a kind of precious group resource\, becoming very resistant to contrary evidence\, and passing these stylized narratives down generations.  News of outrages strongly motivate the desire to join with others to act in a coordinated and aggressive fashion “against” the other group.  A review of the historical and ethnographic record suggests that outrages play a central role in starting wars\, provoking ethnic violence\, and in mobilizing social movements and revolutions.  The cross-culturally and cross-historically recurrent structure of these cultural and social phenomena can be understood by seeing how they naturally emerge from interactions between the evolved psychology of welfare tradeoffs\, groups\, adaptations for group coordination\, and common knowledge.  The key is that cross-group harms\, if uncontested\, are implicitly seen as proposing a common knowledge precedent for the degree of social domination or subordination. The psychology of outrages can be seen as a parallel and complementary adaptation to leadership—one way of solving the coordination problem of mobilizing group members to effectively act or bargain in conflicts with outgroups.  Because it is normally difficult to get individuals to set aside competing agendas within groups\, yet group power increases with coordination\, outrages (real or fabricated) become a resource ingroup individuals strategically deploy to mobilize joint action they (as individuals) expect to benefit from.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/john-tooby-political-epidemiology-history-and-the-evolutionary-psychology-of-outrage/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150330T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20150330T000000
DTSTAMP:20260616T102611
CREATED:20200922T220056Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005129Z
UID:4303-1427673600-1427673600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Robert Provine - From Laughter to Speech Evolution: A Bipedal Perspective
DESCRIPTION:Robert Provine: University of MarylandAfter an introduction to the nature and use of laughter in daily life\, discussion turns to the \nevolution of laughter and its implications for the emergence of speech.  \nContrasts between human and chimpanzee laughter reveal that laughter is the ritualized  \nsignal of labored breathing of rough-and-tumble\, with the vocalization representing  \nthe playful context of its origin. Laughter is primate onomatopoeia that signals\, “this  \nis play\, I’m not attacking you.” The ancestral primate laugh as performed by extant  \nchimpanzees is a noisy\, unvoiced “pant-pant” in which one vocalization is uttered per  \ninward and outward breath. Naïve human observers do not recognize this utterance as  \nlaughter\, volunteering that it sounds like panting\, perhaps of a dog\, or even sawing or  \nsanding. In contrast\, humans laugh as they speak\, by modulating (parsing) an exhalation  \ninto voiced bursts of “ha-ha.” Chimpanzee laughter suggests why they cannot speak– \nthey are confined to one utterance per inward and outward breath. The breakthrough in  \nhuman respiratory control necessary for speech came with evolution of bipedal running.  \nChimpanzees and other quadrupeds have a 1:1 ratio between stride and respiratory cycle\,  \na necessary adaptation for forelimb impacts during running. (Without inflated lungs\,  \nthe thorax is a floppy\, air-filled bag.) An unappreciated consequence of the evolution  \nof bipedal human locomotion is the freeing the thorax of its support function during  \nrunning\, and the associated uncoupling of respiration and locomotion. Unlike the 1:1  \nstrides per breath ratio of quadrupeds\, humans runners have highly variable ratios of  \n4:1\, 3:1\, 5:2\, 2:1\, 3:2\, or 1:1\, with 2:1 being most common. With the uncoupling of  \nrespiration and locomotion during bipedal running\, there is more voluntary control of  \nbreathing and greater opportunity for the natural selection for longer and more complex  \nvocalizations\, including human laughter and speech. This is the bipedal theory of speech  \nevolution.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/robert-provine-from-laughter-to-speech-evolution-a-bipedal-perspective/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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