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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20160208T000000
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DTSTAMP:20260511T135303
CREATED:20200922T220234Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005126Z
UID:4337-1454889600-1454889600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Sean Prall - Immunity\, Stress\, and Development: The Role of Adrenal Androgens in Human Evolutionary Biology
DESCRIPTION:Sean Prall: University of Washington School of MedicineThe developmental pattern of adrenal androgen production is unique to humans and chimpanzees\, and this pattern is thought to have important implications in human evolutionary biology. Unlike other hormones\, the ultimate role of adrenal androgens is not well understood despite the important physiological roles these hormones play. The adrenal androgen DHEA in particular has been implicated in shaping cognitive evolution\, acting in an adaptive fashion to buffer the effects of stress\, and as an important agent in bolstering immunocompetence. Recent research in the pattern of development in orangutans suggests adrenal androgen production is shared across higher apes\, and is not likely related to primate social conditions. In humans\, DHEA is found to play potent and diverse roles in different aspects of immune function\, suggesting an important role for human ecoimmunology. Additionally\, DHEA is related to acute and chronic stress activation\, and may play an adaptive role in shaping acute stress responses. These results shed light on an evolutionary and physiologically relevant hormone\, and implicates DHEA as an important mediator of human life history strategies.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/sean-prall-immunity-stress-and-development-the-role-of-adrenal-androgens-in-human-evolutionary-biology/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20160222T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20160222T000000
DTSTAMP:20260511T135303
CREATED:20200922T220213Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005125Z
UID:4324-1456099200-1456099200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Paul Smaldino - Learning About Social Evolution with Extremely Unrealistic Models
DESCRIPTION:Paul Smaldino: UC DavisThe lives of social animals\, none more so than humans\, are shaped by cooperative interactions. Sharing\, exchange\, and synergy are the name of the game. Understanding the origins of cooperative behavior with any clarity often requires formalization of theories in the way of mathematical and computational models. These models by necessity ignore many details of an organism’s ecology\, life history\, and behavioral repertoire. Nevertheless\, models provide crucial scaffolds for theory development\, partly by explicitly declaring all of their assumptions and thereby making their limitations clear. That said\, we can always stand to improve. I will discuss mathematical and computational models of the evolution of cooperative behavior\, and how our assumptions about individual behavior\, life history\, and environmental structure influence our conclusions concerning how social populations evolve. In particular\, I will focus on the advantages of complicated models in which life history and population structure are included\, even when those factors are not the explicit targets of investigation.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/paul-smaldino-learning-about-social-evolution-with-extremely-unrealistic-models/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20160229T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20160229T000000
DTSTAMP:20260511T135303
CREATED:20200922T220214Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005125Z
UID:4325-1456704000-1456704000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Mirta Galesic - Early Development of Human Cooperation: The Role of Interdependence
DESCRIPTION:Mirta Galesic: Santa Fe InstituteThe importance and scale of cooperation in human societies is unmatched among other primates and is considered to be a major contributor to our species’ exceptional success. Given that cooperation seems so useful\, it is surprising that it flourished only in humans but not in other primates who had similar cognitive abilities as our ancestors or lived in similar circumstances. Large-scale human cooperation is successfully explained by models of cultural group selection\, but these models require a relatively advanced social cognition already in place. To explain early origins of human social cognition and cooperation\, cooperative breeding and cooperative foraging accounts have been proposed. However\, computational models of these accounts that would enable more precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms are still scarce. \nWe develop a computational model of one possible mechanism underlying the early development of human cooperation\, based on interdependence. We show that the interdependence might have increased because several otherwise non-remarkable and ubiquitous factors came together for our early ancestors: specific physical properties of Early Pleistocene environments\, characteristics of our early ancestors’ social structure\, and their cognitive abilities. Together\, these factors might have led to increased value of group foraging\, which in turn led to increased interdependence\, and eventually to higher propensity to share food with non-kin. This propensity could have been instrumental for the development of further prosocial tendencies\, ultimately paving the way for the development of large-scale cooperation through cultural group selection\, emerging in Middle and Late Pleistocene.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/mirta-galesic-early-development-of-human-cooperation-the-role-of-interdependence/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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