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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181105T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181105T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T094535
CREATED:20200922T220951Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005115Z
UID:4402-1541376000-1541376000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Susan Schaffnit - ‘Child marriage’ in context: understanding the drivers of early marriage in rural Tanzania
DESCRIPTION:Susan Schaffnit: University of California\, Santa BarbaraA global campaign to end ‘child marriage’ (i.e. marriage before 18 years) has emerged over the last decade as part of growing international commitments to address gender inequities and improve female wellbeing. Proponents of this movement assert that young brides have negligible autonomy in the marriage process and that marrying under 18 years has resolutely negative impacts on wellbeing. This concern surrounding early marriage has largely proceeded without theoretical engagement with anthropologists and despite gaps in supporting evidence of harm to women. Using data collected in rural\, northwest Tanzania where early marriage is common\, I will (1) discuss local views on marriage\, (2) test hypotheses as to why early marriage is common despite purported harm. Our findings suggest that early marriages can be understood as serving the strategic interests of both parents and daughters in some circumstances. I will discuss the generalizability of this finding and implications for the ‘end child marriage’ movement.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/susan-schaffnit-child-marriage-in-context-understanding-the-drivers-of-early-marriage-in-rural-tanzania/
CATEGORIES:2018,Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181119T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181119T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T094535
CREATED:20200922T220951Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005115Z
UID:4403-1542585600-1542585600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jeremy Koster - Cross-Cultural Variation in the Life History of Human Foraging Skill
DESCRIPTION:Jeremy Koster: University of Cincinnati\, OhioHumans are distinguished from other hominoids by several life history traits\, including prolonged childhoods\, relatively brief inter-birth intervals\, and extend post-reproductive lifespans. To explain the evolution of these traits\, anthropologists have hypothesized that the cognitive demands of hunting necessitate extensive learning\, which promotes late maturation and inter-generational food sharing. In this analysis\, my colleagues and I evaluate a key component of this conceptual model\, namely that advanced hunting skill is particularly evident among middle-aged hunters. We compile data on subsistence hunting from 40 sites around the world in a sample that includes over 23\,000 hunting records from approximately 1\,800 individual hunters. We use multilevel modeling and a life history model to estimate the latent skill of hunters as a function of their age. On average\, hunters reach their peak at approximately 31 years old. The peak is not pronounced\, however\, and there is cross-cultural variation in age-related skill that challenges earlier findings. These results accentuate the need for additional longitudinal data on foraging activities as a counterpoint to theoretical models of life history evolution.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jeremy-koster-cross-cultural-variation-in-the-life-history-of-human-foraging-skill/
CATEGORIES:2018,Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181126T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20181126T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T094535
CREATED:20200922T220952Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005114Z
UID:4404-1543190400-1543190400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Thomas J. H. Morgan - Experimental Human Gene-culture Coevolution
DESCRIPTION:Thomas J. H. Morgan: Arizona State UniversityThe evolution of human behavior and cognition is often studied with a combination of theory and experiment—theory is used to explore evolutionary dynamics\, and generate predictions that are tested empirically. However\, agent psychology is typically highly simplified and so it can remain unclear whether human behavior would produce the same evolutionary dynamics. To address this question\, I describe a new method\, “experimental evolutionary simulations”\, that combines aspects of theoretical and empirical approaches by inserting large numbers of human participants into an evolutionary simulation. I use this approach to provide new data concerning the ability of human social learning to adapt to an unstable environment. Theory has identified different social learning strategies that are highly successful or unsuccessful in a changing environment. Experimental evidence suggests that human behavior is broadly consistent with many of these predictions and so it remains unclear how well a population of human learners would cope with environmental change. Across a series of experimental evolutionary simulations\, I find that although human behavior is broadly consistent with theoretical strategies that are successful in a changing environment\, this similarity is insufficient to actually buffer human populations against environmental change. I conclude that human psychology is designed for high fidelity copying and not adapting to environmental novelties. More generally I suggest that experimental evolutionary simulations are a valuable complement to existing methods in the evolutionary study of mind and behavior.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/thomas-j-h-morgan-experimental-human-gene-culture-coevolution/
CATEGORIES:2018,Past Presentation,Presentation
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