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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190107T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190107T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T081332
CREATED:20200922T221013Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005114Z
UID:4407-1546819200-1546819200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Dan Blumstein - The Sound of Fear
DESCRIPTION:Dan Blumstein: University of California\, Los AngelesWhat makes certain sounds scary? I will describe insights gained from over three decades of studying alarm calls and fear screams in marmots (which are large\, mostly-alpine\, ground squirrels) throughout the northern hemisphere. Fear screams are remarkably similar across taxa and they seem to be particularly evocative to many species. My studies of non-humans suggest that it is the noise and non-linearities in them that is what evokes negative emotions and heightened responses in those hearing them. I formalize this in ‘the non-linearity and fear hypothesis’ and discuss my tests of the hypothesis in studies of marmots\, birds\, film soundtracks\, and humans. The sound of fear is non-linear.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/dan-blumstein-the-sound-of-fear/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190114T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190114T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T081332
CREATED:20200922T221013Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005114Z
UID:4408-1547424000-1547424000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Angela Garcia - The Embodiment of Stress: Do diurnal cortisol-immune interactions and parasitic infection moderate social influences on health among immigrant women on Utila?
DESCRIPTION:Angela Garcia: Arizona State University Cardiometabolic diseases (e.g. heart disease and diabetes) are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Diabetes\, for example\, will double in the next 30 years\, with 80% of the rise occurring in middle and lower- income countries. Social\, economic\, and ecological landscapes often change alongside market integration and development\, making it difficult to tease apart the primary agents responsible for these changes in epidemiological profiles. Further\, at the population-level\, there remains drastic individual variation in disease risk. Why are some individuals in a population at greater risk of poor health than others? What can an evolutionary approach offer in helping us to understand causes (and potential treatments) for current health disparities? This research seeks to address these questions by targeting three important but under-studied factors that contribute to disease risk: discrimination\, psychosocial stress\, and ecological variation. In this talk\, I couple fieldwork and ethnography with theory from evolutionary biology (e.g. life history theory and phenotypic plasticity)\, biocultural anthropology (e.g. perceptions of self and the environment)\, and chronobiology (e.g. diurnal regulation of hormones and immune function)\, to examine links between social and ecological parameters of the environment\, hormonal measures of stress\, immune function\, and risk for diabetes among Honduran immigrant women on the island of Utila.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/angela-garcia-the-embodiment-of-stress-do-diurnal-cortisol-immune-interactions-and-parasitic-infection-moderate-social-influences-on-health-among-immigrant-women-on-utila/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190128T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190128T000000
DTSTAMP:20260508T081332
CREATED:20200922T221014Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005114Z
UID:4409-1548633600-1548633600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Nandita Garud - The Bacteria Evolving Within Us
DESCRIPTION:Nandita Garud: University of California\, Los AngelesThe human gut microbiome is comprised of a complex ecosystem of microbes that reside inside of us and play an important role in our health. With as many as a billion new mutations entering our microbiomes per day\, bacterial genomes inside us have a great opportunity to evolve rapidly\, unlike our own genomes\, which change very little throughout our lifetimes. For us humans\, this genetic dynamism is both an opportunity (e.g.\, enabling digestion of new foods) and a challenge (e.g. the evolution of drug resistance). Despite the potential importance of these effects\, we currently know very little about if and how bacteria living in us evolve. I will present our recent work quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of ~40 prevalent species of gut bacteria. We find that gut bacteria can evolve within humans on short timescales (~6 months)\, but over our lifetimes resident bacteria are typically replaced by distantly related strains. These results suggest that gut bacteria can evolve on human-relevant timescales\, but that there are limits to the extent of local adaptation.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/nandita-garud-the-bacteria-evolving-within-us/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
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