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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190204T000000
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DTSTAMP:20260507T225354
CREATED:20200922T221014Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005114Z
UID:4410-1549238400-1549238400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Courtney Meehan - [CANCELED] The social worlds of infants\, moms\, and microbes
DESCRIPTION:Courtney Meehan: Washington State University Throughout our evolutionary history\, and in much of the world today\, human infancy has been characterized by a host of ancestral traits which include frequent maternal-infant contact\, on-demand breastfeeding\, co-sleeping\, and cooperative breeding. These ancestral characteristics have\, in part\, supported the development of our altricial infants and enabled reproductive success in diverse environments\, despite women’s narrow reproductive window and the costs associated with simultaneously rearing multiple dependent children. Here\, I argue that these ancestral traits also serve as a critical pathway by which mothers and infants communicate\, via microbiota\, about their environment\, priming the infant for the world in which he or she will be reared. Utilizing cross-cultural data on infant’s early environments and human milk composition\, I characterize the diverse caregiving worlds of infants and explore how our early social environments and mothers’ life history characteristics are associated with the human milk microbiome (HMM). Human milk\, once thought to be sterile\, contains a diverse microbial community and as an early and consistent source of bacteria to infants\, it is an important factor in the colonization of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome. Yet\, the origins and role of the HMM are not yet fully understood. Our results identify multiple associations between maternal life history characteristics\, our ancestral caregiving traits\, and the HMM\, providing initial evidence suggesting bi-directional maternal-infant communication during breastfeeding and that human milk composition may be socially-mediated.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/courtney-meehan-canceled-the-social-worlds-of-infants-moms-and-microbes/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190211T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190211T000000
DTSTAMP:20260507T225354
CREATED:20200922T221016Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005113Z
UID:4412-1549843200-1549843200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Melanie Martin - Human infant feeding: evolved strategies\, individual optimums\, and public health
DESCRIPTION:Melanie Martin: University of WashingtonAcross past and present human populations\, breastfeeding and weaning practices have been demonstrably varied. Though this variation is largely influenced by ecological and socioeconomic factors\, comparative primate and human biological and cross-cultural evidence further suggests that flexible mixed-feeding is an evolved human strategy. In this talk\, I review the differences in infant energetic needs and maternal time\, physical\, and reproductive constraints that favor individual optimums for exclusive and total breastfeeding durations. I draw\non my work with indigenous Tsimane and Qom/Toba families to illustrate that (1) early (“suboptimal”) mixed-feeding can still be compatible with long-term\, intensive breastfeeding and (2) that more discreet measures of feeding trajectories and their multidirectional effects on growth and other biological processes should be considered in assessing relationships to health outcomes. In closing I emphasize that these positions are not incompatible with current age-delineated feeding recommendations\, which are essential for uniform public health messaging\nand related policy development. Instead\, an evolutionary and biocultural perspective may inform parallel dialogs among families and health care providers that acknowledge diverse needs and circumstances in shaping individual feeding optimums.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/melanie-martin-human-infant-feeding-evolved-strategies-individual-optimums-and-public-health/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190225T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20190225T000000
DTSTAMP:20260507T225354
CREATED:20200922T221017Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005113Z
UID:4413-1551052800-1551052800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Josh Snodgrass - Life history tradeoffs between childhood growth and immune function among Shuar forager-horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador
DESCRIPTION:Josh Snodgrass: University of OregonImmune function is an energetically costly physiological activity that can divert calories and other resources away from less immediately essential life history functions such as growth. However\, direct evidence for immune-related tradeoffs among humans remains sparse. In this talk\, I discuss longitudinal research among Shuar children (4-11 years old) that uses high-resolution linear growth data and dried blood spot samples for four immune measures. This research documents consistent negative effects of immune function on growth\, with children experiencing up to 49% growth reduction during periods of mildly elevated immune activity. Additional findings show that tradeoffs are immunologically and temporally diverse\, and also document a particularly detrimental impact of acute inflammation on growth though these inflammation-related tradeoffs with growth are buffered by body fat. I conclude by discussing the role of immune-related tradeoffs in driving patterns of human growth faltering\, developmental metabolic plasticity\, and life history evolution.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/josh-snodgrass-life-history-tradeoffs-between-childhood-growth-and-immune-function-among-shuar-forager-horticulturalists-of-amazonian-ecuador/
CATEGORIES:2019,Past Presentation,Presentation
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