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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240401T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240401T133000
DTSTAMP:20260418T084551
CREATED:20240329T013639Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240604T192502Z
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SUMMARY:David Reby - What can deer tell us about our voice? How sexual selection may have shaped human vocal diversity
DESCRIPTION:What can deer tell us about our voice? How sexual selection may have shaped human vocal diversity\nDavid Reby\nProfessor of Ethology\, Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle\, Université Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMany animal species use vocal communication\, but humans are unique in the ability to control the vocal production of an incredible diversity of sounds\, enabling us to exchange information of extreme complexity. In this talk\, I will propose that sexual selection\, which is responsible for the evolution of astonishing visual and auditory signals in many animal species\, may have played a key role in the emergence of our vocal diversity. I will show that in a wide range of polygynous species\, sexual selection has modified the vocal apparatus of males to support the exaggeration of body size conveyed by vocalizations. These modifications have in turn opened up the acoustic space along a male/female continuum\, where low frequencies convey dominance and/or masculinity\, and high frequencies convey subordination and/or femininity. I will suggest that this widening of the vocal space\, which can be found in modern humans in the expression of gender in children’s and adults’ voices\, may have favored the evolution of vocal control by allowing us to play along this frequency continuum to signal emotions and motivations. I will also suggest that size exaggeration may even have shaped the evolution of mechanisms necessary for the production and perception of vowels in speech. \n\n\n 
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/david-reby-spring2024/
LOCATION:352 Haines Hall
CATEGORIES:2024,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240408T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240408T133000
DTSTAMP:20260418T084551
CREATED:20240329T021007Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240410T175144Z
UID:7287-1712577600-1712583000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jazlyn Mooney - On the Number of Genealogical Ancestors: Tracing to the Source Groups of an Admixed Population
DESCRIPTION:On the Number of Genealogical Ancestors: Tracing to the Source Groups of an Admixed Population\nJazlyn Mooney\nDept. of Quantitative and Computational Biology\, University of Southern California\nIn genetically admixed populations\, admixed individuals possess ancestry from multiple source groups. Studies of human genetic admixture frequently estimate ancestry components corresponding to fractions of individual genomes that trace to specific ancestral populations. However\, the same numerical ancestry fraction can represent a wide array of admixture scenarios. Using a mechanistic model of admixture\, we characterize admixture genealogically: how many distinct ancestors from the source populations does the admixture represent? We consider African Americans\, for whom continent-level estimates produce a 75-85% value for African ancestry on average and 15-25% for European ancestry. Genetic studies together with key features of African-American demographic history suggest ranges for model parameters. Using the model\, we infer that if genealogical lineages of a random African American born during 1960-1965 are traced back until they reach members of source populations\, the expected number of genealogical lines terminating with African individuals is 314\, and the expected number terminating in Europeans is 51. Across discrete generations\, the peak number of African genealogical ancestors occurs for birth cohorts from the early 1700s. The probability exceeds 50% that at least one European ancestor was born more recently than 1835. Our genealogical perspective can contribute to further understanding the admixture processes that underlie admixed populations. For African Americans\, the results provide insight both on how many of the ancestors of a typical African American might have been forcibly displaced in the Transatlantic Slave Trade and on how many separate European admixture events might exist in a typical African-American genealogy.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jazlyn-mooney-on-the-number-of-genealogical-ancestors/
LOCATION:352 Haines Hall
CATEGORIES:2024,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240415T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240415T133000
DTSTAMP:20260418T084551
CREATED:20240410T175739Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240521T222548Z
UID:7327-1713182400-1713187800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Kelsey Jorgensen - Surviving the heights: Environmental adaptations and multispecies genetics in the Andes
DESCRIPTION:Surviving the heights: Environmental adaptations and multispecies genetics in the Andes\nKelsey Jorgensen\nPostdoctoral Scholar\, Department of Anthropology\, UCLA\nHuman populations have thrived in the Peruvian Andes for thousands of years despite extreme environmental stressors of hypoxia\, cold temperatures\, and times of food scarcity. These evolutionary environmental pressures have shaped unique genetic adaptations and continue to influence health in human populations today. In this talk\, I bridge genotype-phenotype to identify genetic variants in modern Peruvians linked to diet and high-altitude resulting from evolutionary environmental adaptation. In addition\, I explore this intersection of biology\, culture\, and environment to infer ancient human migration patterns across the Andes in the absence of aDNA by using multispecies genetics.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/kelsey-jorgensen-surviving-the-heights-environmental-adaptations-and-multispecies-genetics-in-the-andes/
LOCATION:352 Haines Hall
CATEGORIES:2024,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240422T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240422T133000
DTSTAMP:20260418T084551
CREATED:20240410T181946Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240521T222345Z
UID:7331-1713787200-1713792600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Michael Greenfield - Rhythm coordination in animal species\, including humans: Entrainment from bushcricket chorusing to the philharmonic orchestra
DESCRIPTION:Rhythm coordination in animal species\, including humans: Entrainment from bushcricket chorusing to the philharmonic orchestra.\nMichael Greenfield\nENES Bioacoustics Research Lab\, CRNL\, University of Saint-Etienne\, CNRS\nDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology\, University of Kansas\nRepetitive cycles of an activity or state\, generally known as rhythm\, are ubiquitous in living organisms\, occurring in all branches of the tree of life.  In animal species rhythms play prominent roles in physiology and behavior\, and they are commonly expressed as long-term (period > 12 h) cycles\, entrained to recurring astronomical phenomena\, at one end of the temporal spectrum\, or as very short (< 10 s) ultradian cycles at the other.  In behavior\, ultradian rhythms often involve movement or the broadcast of communication signals\, and in some species neighboring individuals coordinate their rhythms in time.  Such coordination fascinates us because of its flawless precision and complexity\, the horde of individuals that may participate\, and the resulting crescendo of the communal display.  But aesthetic sensibilities aside\, coordinated rhythms pose major questions concerning mechanisms and evolution :  How is coordination achieved\, which individuals in a local population participate\, why do neighbors bother to coordinate their activity and what is the phylogenetic distribution of these displays among animal taxa? \nThis seminar covers the diverse ways in which animals coordinate relatively fast behavioral rhythms.  We concentrate on the coordination of rhythms expressed in sexual advertisement and social communication\, as these tend to be conspicuous to observers and their parameters can normally be measured unambiguously.  We begin with the various timing schemes found in rhythm coordination\, noting the relative timing of the signaling by individual participants\, how those participants tend to be arranged in space\, and the signaling modalities used.  From the receiver’s perspective\, we ask who perceives the signals\, where these potential receivers are located (whether within or outside of the coordinated group)\, and how receivers may respond to the group display.  Because of moderate to extreme precision found in coordinated group displays\, we pay special attention to the mechanisms with which individual signaling rhythms are aligned in different animal species.  We show how an understanding of mechanism is critical for the next step : evaluating adaptive explanations for synchrony and other group coordinations.  Although our survey of rhythm coordination among animals is certainly incomplete and probably reflects sampling bias favouring signals and species that are readily observed and that have been studied traditionally\, some striking patterns emerge.  Rhythm coordination of both moderate and high precision appears mostly among certain arthropods and ‘lower’ vertebrates in the chordates\, but also in humans where synchronous coordination is central in music\, dance and other group activities.  We consider this curious\, disjunct phylogenetic distribution\, and specifically ask how and why strictly timed rhythmic synchrony operates in these very different organisms.  Importantly\, this comparative approach holds promise for unraveling the origins of human musicality. \n  \n 
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/michael-greenfield-rhythm-coordination-in-animal-species-including-humans-entrainment-from-bushcricket-chorusing-to-the-philharmonic-orchestra/
LOCATION:352 Haines Hall
CATEGORIES:2024,Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240429T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20240429T133000
DTSTAMP:20260418T084551
CREATED:20240418T232528Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20240430T230002Z
UID:7352-1714392000-1714397400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Marcia Inhorn - Motherhood on ice: The mating gap and why women freeze their eggs
DESCRIPTION:Motherhood on ice: The mating gap and why women freeze their eggs\nMarcia Inhorn\nProfessor of Anthropology and International Affairs\, Yale University\nWhy are women freezing their eggs in record numbers? Contrary to media reports\, which suggest that women’s career ambitions are the main determinant of women’s fertility postponement\, women themselves offer different explanations for fertility preservation through egg freezing. The growing momentum toward this new reproductive technology masks an underlying but little discussed global reality—namely\, a mating gap\, in which women in the United States and more than half the world’s nations (including Australia) are outperforming men in higher education\, resulting in the lack of eligible\, educated\, and equal partners with whom to pursue marriage and childbearing. Although egg freezing is touted for its “revolutionary” potential\, it is a costly technological concession to growing gender inequalities\, whereby educated women are “buying time” while experiencing reproductive partnership problems beyond their individual control. \n 
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/marcia-inhorn-motherhood-on-ice-the-mating-gap-and-why-women-freeze-their-eggs/
LOCATION:352 Haines Hall
CATEGORIES:2024,Past Presentation,Presentation
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