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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031103T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031103T000000
DTSTAMP:20201006T231359Z
CREATED:20200922T213530Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201006T231359Z
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SUMMARY:Ann Senghas - The differentiation of grammatical elements in Nicaraguan Sign Language\nover historical and ontogenetic developmental timelines
DESCRIPTION:Ann Senghas: Barnard College of Columbia University\, Dept. of PsychologyThe recent emergence of a new sign language among deaf children and adolescents in Nicaragua provides an opportunity to study how linguistic features of a language arise and spread. New features that arise must be successfully transmitted from one generation to the next to survive as part of the language. During this transmission\, language form is shaped by both the characteristics of ontogenetic development within individual users and by historical changes in patterns of interaction between users. To capture this process\, changes over the past 25 years will be examined within two domains: expressions of manner and path of movement\, and expressions of spatial co-reference. These data reveal that\, as the new language is learned\, holistic and analog expressions are being replaced by discrete\, combinatorial expressions. It appears that these new form-function mappings arise among child learners who functionally differentiate previously equivalent forms. The new mappings are then acquired by their age peers (while children)\, and by subsequent generations of children who learn the language\, but not by adult contemporaries. As a result\, language emergence is characterized by a convergence on form within each age cohort\, and a systematic mismatch in form from one age cohort to the cohort that follows. In this way\, each age cohort\, in sequence\, systematically transforms the language environment for the next\, enabling each new cohort of learners to develop further than its predecessors.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/ann-senghas-the-differentiation-of-grammatical-elements-in-nicaraguan-sign-languageover-historical-and-ontogenetic-developmental-timelines/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031110T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031110T000000
DTSTAMP:20201006T231359Z
CREATED:20200922T213530Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201006T231359Z
UID:3939-1068422400-1068422400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Trent Smith - A Theory of Natural Addiction
DESCRIPTION:Trent Smith: UCLA International InstituteThe economic theory of “rational addiction” posits that drug addiction can usefully be viewed as the outcome of an informed decision undertaken on the part of the consumer. I employ a complementary approach to developing a behavioral theory of addiction by identifying circumstances under which addiction-like behavior is the solution to an adaptive problem faced by humans in the pre-industrial world. The empirical validity of this approach is then demonstrated with an in-depth review and synthesis of the biomedical literature concerning the action of opiates in the mammalian brain and their effects on behavior. There is strong evidence that addiction is the manifestation of a mismatch between behavioral algorithms encoded in the human genome and the expanded menu of choices–generated for example\, by advances in drug delivery technology–of consumers in the modern world. Specific implications for economic theory and public policy will be discussed.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/papers/Smith_11-10-03.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/trent-smith-a-theory-of-natural-addiction/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031117T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031117T000000
DTSTAMP:20201006T231359Z
CREATED:20200922T213531Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201006T231359Z
UID:3940-1069027200-1069027200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Michael Rose - The Evolution of Free Will
DESCRIPTION:Michael Rose: UC Irvine Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyHuman behavior is unlike that of all other known animal behavior in its high degree of flexibility and versatility. A problem that is given less attention than it deserves is that flexible behavior is difficult to explain in Darwinian terms. “Free will” poses a challenge to the focus of Darwinian evolution: evolutionary fitness. With free will\, individuals can choose to forego reproduction\, choose to give away their resources\, and so on. In this talk\, a possible explanation for the evolution of such human free will is offered and the mechanism(s) by which it is constrained are considered.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/michael-rose-the-evolution-of-free-will/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031124T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20031124T000000
DTSTAMP:20201006T231359Z
CREATED:20200922T213531Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201006T231359Z
UID:3941-1069632000-1069632000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Olav Sorenson - Social networks and exchange: Self-confirming dynamics in Hollywood
DESCRIPTION:Olav Sorenson: UCLA Anderson School of ManagementStudies have consistently found that social structure influences who transacts with whom\, and that actors appear to benefit when exchange occurs embedded within these relations rather than in an unstructured market. Explanations for these results frequently point to their effectiveness in solving problems inherent in the trade of certain products and services\, focusing on the ability of these social networks to provide access to private information regarding the quality of the goods or to allow participants to enforce the terms of the exchange agreement. In investigating these dynamics in the interaction between movie producers and distributors\, this paper\, however\, suggests that a type of self-confirming prophecy can also produce such effects: One party frequently offers better terms of trade in transactions embedded within existing social relations\, thereby contributing to the apparent benefits of such exchange patterns. In the motion picture industry\, not only do distributors show a preference for carrying films involving key personnel with whom they have prior relations\, but also they tend to favor these films when making decisions regarding their release – in determining opening dates and the amount of resources devoted to marketing. Empirical estimates of the performance of movies in the U.S. box office reveal that – when models fail to account for these key decisions – distributors appear to benefit from carrying movies affiliated with known parties\, suggesting that they have private information regarding the quality of the talent involved. After controlling for marketing effort and seasonality\, however\, these effects disappear\, indicating that\, rather than arbitraging price-quality inconsistencies\, distributors produce these effects through their own efforts.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/papers/Sorenson_11-24-03.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/olav-sorenson-social-networks-and-exchange-self-confirming-dynamics-in-hollywood/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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