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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061106T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061106T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004841Z
CREATED:20200922T213844Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004841Z
UID:4036-1162771200-1162771200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Paul Bloom - Bodies and Souls
DESCRIPTION:Paul Bloom: Yale Department of PsychologyHow do we think about bodies and souls? Findings from developmental psychology suggest that both children and adults see physical entities such as objects (or bodies) as fundamentally distinct from psychological entities such as minds (or souls). We are natural-born dualists. Our dualism explains why we are so drawn to certain religious beliefs — such as life after death and the existence of supernatural entities — and it also underlies certain aspects of moral reasoning.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/paul-bloom-bodies-and-souls/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061113T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061113T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004841Z
CREATED:20200922T213847Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004841Z
UID:4037-1163376000-1163376000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Michael Cannon - Modeling the Tradeoff between Foraging and Farming
DESCRIPTION:Michael Cannon: CSU Long Beach Department of AnthropologySome archaeologists have used a model of optimal time allocation from human behavioral ecology to help explain variability over space and time in the importance of farming vs. foraging. I discuss a model that builds on this previous work in an effort to enable a more detailed understanding of the factors relevant to the development of prehistoric agriculture. This model is more explicit about the activities involved in agriculture\, modeling the costs and benefits of harvest-producing activities and post-harvest processing activities separately; this potentially provides a means for integrating labor division into the model. The model also enables a consideration of the roles that both mean productive efficiency and variability in production might play in the evolution of agricultural economies. Model predictions are evaluated against archaeological data from the American Southwest to clarify the factors that underlay increases in the importance of agriculture in this region.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/michael-cannon-modeling-the-tradeoff-between-foraging-and-farming/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061120T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061120T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004841Z
CREATED:20200922T213848Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004841Z
UID:4038-1163980800-1163980800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Joan Silk - The origins of prosocial preferences
DESCRIPTION:Joan Silk: UCLA Department of AnthropologyHumans differ from most other animals\, and from virtually all other primates\, in the extent of our dependence on cooperation. In humans\, altruism seems to be at least partly based on empathy and genuine concern for the welfare of others (Batson and Powell 1998; Fehr and Fischbacher 2003). We may also be motivated by a concern for reputation (Haley and Fessler 2005)\, that makes us want others to think that we are generous\, fair\, or charitable. Nonhuman primates also act altruistically\, but the extent and deployment of altruism in primate groups is much more limited than it is in human societies. Altruistic interactions usually involve very small numbers of individuals (usually dyads) and is strongly biased by kinship. There is some evidence for reciprocity among unrelated individuals\, but these exchanges are generally restricted to short-term exchanges of low-cost commodities. It is not clear what limits altruism in nonhuman primate groups. New work suggests\, however\, that differences in the deployment of altruism in human and nonhuman primate may be linked to differences in the capacity for empathy\, the existence of moral sentiments\, and the concern for the welfare of others.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/joan-silk-the-origins-of-prosocial-preferences/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061127T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20061127T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004840Z
CREATED:20200922T213849Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004840Z
UID:4039-1164585600-1164585600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Peter Richerson - The Role of Religion in Human Cooperation: Experiments Using Economic Games
DESCRIPTION:Peter Richerson: UC Davis Department of Environmental Science and PolicyReligion is often held to play a large\, even dominant\, role in supporting human cooperation. Much variation in propensities to cooperate and treat others fairly exists within and between human societies. Previous work by social psychologists suggested that religion plays a small role in explaining this variation\, but the validity of the dependent variables used is questionable. We used behavior in Dictator\, Trust\, and Public Goods games as dependent variables to test for the effects of a wide variety of measures of religious participation\, experiences\, beliefs\, and affiliation on cooperation and other prosocial behaviors. Despite the data-dredging aspects of our experimental design\, we found significant effects of religious variables on prosocial behavior. Further\, various dimensions of religiosity correlated with game behavior in a way that is somewhat consistent with findings from the experiments devised by social psychologists. However\, we found little evidence an “ingroup” effect; participants did not send more money to individuals with similar religious preferences. By comparing numerous models using an information-theoretical approach\, we draw some general conclusions about which theories are data are most likely to support.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/peter-richerson-the-role-of-religion-in-human-cooperation-experiments-using-economic-games/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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