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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070205T000000
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DTSTAMP:20201013T004840Z
CREATED:20200922T213856Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004840Z
UID:4044-1170633600-1170633600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Alex Mesoudi - Towards a unified science of cultural evolution: A brief theoretical background and some experimental examples
DESCRIPTION:Alex Mesoudi: University of British Columbia W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied EthicsA Darwinian theory of cultural evolution holds that the same fundamental principles that govern biological change – variation\, selection and inheritance – also underlie human cultural change. In fact\, the empirical case for cultural evolution is now as strong as the case that Charles Darwin presented in The Origin of Species for biological evolution (Mesoudi\, Whiten & Laland\, 2004). Consequently\, similar tools\, methods and theories that biologists use to study biological evolution can be adapted to study cultural change\, and the structure of the science of biological evolution – evolutionary biology – can serve as a model for the structure of a science of cultural evolution (Mesoudi\, Whiten & Laland\, 2006). \nOne branch of this science of cultural evolution is the experimental study of cultural transmission\, which uses the methods of social psychology to identify systematic biases that affect the transmission of information through groups of people. For example\, Mesoudi\, Whiten and Dunbar (2006) found that information regarding social relationships is transmitted with greater fidelity than equivalent non-social information\, consistent with “Machiavellian intelligence” hypotheses of primate brain evolution. Mesoudi and O’Brien (submitted)\, meanwhile\, simulated the cultural transmission of arrowhead designs\, matching different transmission biases to actual patterns of prehistoric arrowhead variation in the archaeological record. This integration of individual-level transmission biases and population-level archaeological patterns is facilitated by an evolutionary approach to human culture.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/papers/Mesoudi_2.5.07.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/alex-mesoudi-towards-a-unified-science-of-cultural-evolution-a-brief-theoretical-background-and-some-experimental-examples/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070212T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070212T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004840Z
CREATED:20200922T213856Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004840Z
UID:4045-1171238400-1171238400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Pascal Boyer - Why do patients and religious people perform rituals?
DESCRIPTION:Pascal Boyer: Washington University Department of PsychologyRitualized behavior is found in children’s typical development\, as well as in the pathology of OCD and in cultural ceremonies. Pierrre Lienard and I proposed elsewhere a neurocognitive model of ritualized behavior in human development and pathology\, as based on the activation of a specific hazard-precaution system specialized in the detection of and response to potential threats. I argue that certain features of collective rituals‹by conveying information about potential danger and presenting appropriate reaction as a sequence of rigidly described precautionary measures‹probably activate this neurocognitive system. This makes some collective ritual sequences highly attention-demanding and intuitively compelling and contributes to their transmission from place to place or generation to generation.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/pascal-boyer-why-do-patients-and-religious-people-perform-rituals/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070215T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070215T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004840Z
CREATED:20200922T213857Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004840Z
UID:4046-1171497600-1171497600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Karl Sigmund - Between freedom and enforcement: public goods and costly punishment
DESCRIPTION:Karl Sigmund: University of Vienna Department of MathematicsA considerable body of theoretical and empirical evidence underlines the important role of punishment in stabilising high contributions to joint enterprises. But how does punishing behaviour emerge? This talk highlights the role of voluntary participation. Analytical methods and individual-based simulations show that social norms including the punishment of exploiters can emerge more easily if it is possible to abstain from the joint enterprise.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/karl-sigmund-between-freedom-and-enforcement-public-goods-and-costly-punishment/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070226T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20070226T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004839Z
CREATED:20200922T213900Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004839Z
UID:4047-1172448000-1172448000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Susan Carey - The Origin of Concepts: The Case of Natural Number
DESCRIPTION:Susan Carey: Harvard Department of PsychologyI make two non-controversial assumptions about human conceptual understanding. First\, it is built from a shared set of developmental primitives–the representational resources bequeathed to all human beings by evolution. Equally obviously\, human cultures create new representational resources\, transcending these initial ones in format\, content and expressive power\, which are turn internalized by individuals in the course of conceptual development. These assumptions\, even if granted\, leave open radically different possibilities concerning the processes of conceptual development and the scope for cross-cultural variation. How rich are the developmental primitives? How constraining of adult cognition are they? Does human conceptual development require transcending the initial state\, and if so\, what mechanisms make this possible? . \nI will illustrate an empirical research program addressing this space of theoretical options in the domain of numerical cognition\, focusing on the developmental primitives with numerical content\, the cultural construction of integer representations\, and the bootstrapping processes that allow each child to transcend their initial representational resources\, creating representations of natural number.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/susan-carey-the-origin-of-concepts-the-case-of-natural-number/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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