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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080303T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080303T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004835Z
CREATED:20200922T214026Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004835Z
UID:4066-1204502400-1204502400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jelmer Eerkens - Material culture evolution: an archaeological perspective on forces and rates of change
DESCRIPTION:Jelmer Eerkens: UC Davis AnthropologyLaboratory experiments and ethnographic studies show that many aspects of human culture\, particularly\ninformation\, can change quickly in the course of transmission. The archaeological record indicates much\nmore conservative rates of change\, at least for material culture. Is there common theoretical ground between\nthe micro- and macro- scales? This paper considers some of the factors that affect culture change and the\nrate at which material culture\, and variation therein\, might change in the archaeological record. As well\, it\nexplores the micro-macro perspectives.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jelmer-eerkens-material-culture-evolution-an-archaeological-perspective-on-forces-and-rates-of-change/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080310T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080310T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004834Z
CREATED:20200922T214117Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004834Z
UID:4067-1205107200-1205107200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Becky Frank - The role of contingent reciprocity and market exchange in the lives of female olive baboons
DESCRIPTION:Becky Frank: UCLA AnthropologyThe goal of this project was to examine the dynamics of exchange among female baboons and test\npredictions derived from a biological market model of grooming.  Evolutionary theory predicts that cooperation\namong nonkin will be limited to reciprocating partners who monitor the balance of trade within their\nrelationships in order to prevent cheating.  But primates may be cognitively limited to negotiating balanced\nreciprocity over very short time scales.  If so\, then trade might be regulated in a biological market\, where\nsupply and demand determines the value of an exchange\, and individuals choose to trade with the partner\noffering the highest value.  Individuals maximize their immediate benefits without having to monitor the\nbalance of their exchanges over time.  When demand for a partner or commodity is greater than the supply\,\nindividuals compete for access to the preferred partner by raising the price they are willing to pay.  Applied to\nprimate grooming exchanges\, a market model predicts that females will balance the amount of grooming they\ntrade within single bouts when all partners offer similar value.  In some cases\, partners can offer other\nvaluable benefits and will trade those with who ever offers the most grooming in return.  Thus\, females are\npredicted to trade grooming for access to resources when feeding competition is elevated and rank\ndifferences translate to differential foraging success.  Females are also predicted to trade grooming with\nmothers of young infants in exchange for access to the infant.  I tested these predictions in a group of 16 adult\nfemale olive baboons in Chololo\, Kenya.  In this troop\, females only reciprocated within the same grooming\nbout 34% of the time and balanced their grooming more evenly over many bouts than within single bouts.\nNon-mothers preferentially groomed mothers of young infants\, but did not compete for access to infants by\nraising their grooming offers to mothers as the availability of infants declined.  When feeding conflict within\ndyads was high\, females provided additional grooming to their higher ranking partners\, but they do not spend\nmore time co-feeding in return.  These results suggest that female baboons are capable of monitoring their\nexchanges over time and can trade across some currencies\, but it is not clear that market pricing explains the\nobserved patterning of exchange.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/becky-frank-the-role-of-contingent-reciprocity-and-market-exchange-in-the-lives-of-female-olive-baboons/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080331T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20080331T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004834Z
CREATED:20200922T214117Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004834Z
UID:4068-1206921600-1206921600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Carel van Schaik - Dominance styles and male-male coalitions among nonhuman primates and humans
DESCRIPTION:Carel van Schaik: Anthropological Institute & Museum\, University of ZurichNaturalistic data on nonhuman primates show that the degree of despotism among males in primate groups\nis predicted by the degree to which mating access to females can be monopolized. Degree of despotism\nshould affect other aspects of male behavioral strategies\, such as how long top-dominants’ tenure is\, how\ntop-dominance is achieved and which groups are targeted for dispersal\, as well as the feasibility and\nprofitability of different kinds of male-male coalitions. Primate data support these predictions. This primate\nmodel is then applied to human foragers. A fundamental difference is caused by the presence of weaponry.\nWhen opportunities for despotism increase\, violent coalitionary takeovers of top dominance and the formation\nof elites emerge.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/carel-van-schaik-dominance-styles-and-male-male-coalitions-among-nonhuman-primates-and-humans/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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