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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081006T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081006T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004833Z
CREATED:20200922T214256Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004833Z
UID:4078-1223251200-1223251200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Russell Jackson - What You See is not What You Get: Evolved Distance Perception Adaptations
DESCRIPTION:Russell Jackson: CSU San Marcos Department of PsychologyDistance perception is among the most ubiquitous psychological phenomena known. Humans utilize distance estimation during all waking hours and even when sleeping. Distance perception likely takes place to this same extent in most other animals and distance perception also occurs in many non-animal species. \nFurthermore\, distance perception is one of the oldest researched topics in modern behavioral science. The most commonly cited founding of modern psychological science dates to Wundt’s investigations of distance perception in the late 1800s. Distance perception is among the most common mental tasks and has been investigated since the founding of psychology. \nUnfortunately\, some of the most important questions about distance perception remain unanswered. How and why do we perceive distances the way that we do? Why is distance perception sometimes wildly inaccurate? Why are there such big individual differences in distance perception? We have yet to answer to these questions well. \nRecent application of evolution by natural selection has yielded novel insights to these questions. I will discuss recent evidence from several empirical studies that discovered large magnitude visual effects\, including illusions\, in everyday distance perception. These illusions appear to occur constantly throughout human experiences and reach magnitudes of nearly a factor of two. These findings also illuminate a potential cause for the most prevalent\, but least acknowledged\, finding of all distance perception research.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/russell-jackson-what-you-see-is-not-what-you-get-evolved-distance-perception-adaptations/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081013T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081013T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004833Z
CREATED:20200922T214257Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004833Z
UID:4079-1223856000-1223856000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jessica Lynch Alfaro - Biological And Cultural Evolution In Capuchin Monkeys: Mapping Behavioral Traditions Onto A Cebus Molecular Phylogeny
DESCRIPTION:Jessica Lynch Alfaro: UCLA Center for Society and GeneticsDespite growing interest in capuchin monkeys as model organisms for social learning and cultural evolution\, comparative evolutionary study of Cebus behavioral traits across field sites and species have been impeded by the lack of a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Here I present the first molecular phylogeny of Cebus and use it as a framework to study the evolution of social and foraging traditions\, including anointing behaviors and tool use. Using tissue collected from museum specimens of wild-caught capuchins of known provenance across Latin America\, I sequenced portions of three mtDNA genes (12s\, 800 bp; cytB\, 307 bp; d-loop\, 435 bp) and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using likelihood and Bayesian methods. My data revealed Cebus as a monophyletic genus composed of distinct tufted and non-tufted clades.  In contrast to morphological studies\, the data revealed that C. albifrons and C. libidinosis are each paraphyletic. Genetic diversity in the tufted capuchin clade was concentrated in the Atlantic forest\, and the Amazonian tufted capuchins were nested as a subclade within Atlantic forest capuchins. I estimated divergence times within Cebus using external fossil calibrations under the assumption of a relaxed molecular clock and used this timetree to test whether social and foraging traditions have evolved more quickly in tufted versus non-tufted clades. This study provides both the first detailed molecular phylogeny for Cebus and new approaches to examining rates of behavioral evolution for different traits across capuchin populations.  Conclusions from this study have implications for the prioritization of conservation funding and data collection.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jessica-lynch-alfaro-biological-and-cultural-evolution-in-capuchin-monkeys-mapping-behavioral-traditions-onto-a-cebus-molecular-phylogeny/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081020T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081020T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004833Z
CREATED:20200922T214259Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004833Z
UID:4080-1224460800-1224460800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Gary Charness - Three Field Experiments on Procrastination and Willpower / Territoriality and Gender in the Laboratory
DESCRIPTION:Gary Charness: UC Santa Barbara Department of EconomicsWe conducted three field experiments to investigate how people schedule and complete tasks\, providing some of the first data concerning procrastination and willpower under financial incentives.  In our first study\, we paid students $95 if they completed 75 hours of monitored studying over a five-week period.  We also required people to meet interim weekly targets in one treatment\, but not in the other. In a second study\, the task consisted of answering of multiple-choice questions on seven consecutive days\, with staggered start dates and an endogenous task ordering (tasks varied by number of questions).  In our third study\, participants answered 20 multiple-choice questions over two consecutive days\, varying whether this was during the week or on the weekend.  Participants were required to complete an easy or difficult Stroop test (used by psychologists to deplete willpower) on the first day\, before any questions could be answered.  We find evidence of procrastination and willpower depletion/replenishment\, as well as evidence suggesting a self-reputation interpretation.  And yet the behavioral interventions we used led to outcomes that surprised us in all three studies\, although these outcomes are largely consistent with the standard neo-classical model.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/Charness_Procrastination.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/gary-charness-three-field-experiments-on-procrastination-and-willpower-territoriality-and-gender-in-the-laboratory/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081027T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20081027T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004833Z
CREATED:20200922T214300Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004833Z
UID:4081-1225065600-1225065600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Brooke Scelza - Bush Forager\, Shop Forager: Production and Consumption Behavior in a Group of Western Desert Aborigines
DESCRIPTION:Brooke Scelza: UCLA Department of AnthropologyAustralian Aborigines in the Western Desert have gone through a nutritional transition in the last 50 years; moving from a diet of mainly indigenous “bush foods” acquired during daily foraging trips to one that includes store-bought products delivered directly to community shops. Although store-bought foods are more convenient\, their availability fluctuates due to poor road conditions\, community budget constraints and food spoilage. Small game and certain species of widely available large game\, on the other hand\, require more energy to acquire\, but have a relatively consistent rate of return. An evolutionary perspective on diet choice suggests that people should make choices that will optimize their daily caloric intake and respond quickly to resource depletion. In this paper I will look at the consumption of foraged and store-bought foods in one Martu Aboriginal community to better understand issues of diet choice\, foraging time allocation and risk management. I will then place this case study within a broader framework to demonstrate how an evolutionary approach can illuminate new ways of thinking about human behavior related to diet and nutrition.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/brooke-scelza-bush-forager-shop-forager-production-and-consumption-behavior-in-a-group-of-western-desert-aborigines/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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