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X-WR-CALNAME:Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090504T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090504T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004830Z
CREATED:20200922T214409Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004830Z
UID:4103-1241395200-1241395200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Scott Johnson - Mental Rotation in Adults and Infants: A Sex Difference
DESCRIPTION:Scott Johnson: UCLA Department of PsychologyMental rotation (MR) is the process by which people imagine how an object would look when rotated into a different orientation in space; it may be related to performance on tasks like perspective-taking and navigation. Men typically perform faster and more accurately than women on MR tasks. Known influences on MR performance in adults are both biological (e.g.\, exposure to testosterone) and experiential (e.g.\, practice at spatial tasks)\, raising vital questions about the developmental origins of MR. Until recently\, developmental studies were limited to children 4 years and older. This talk will present evidence that sex differences in MR performance are present far earlier\, and can be observed in preverbal infants. I will also discuss the influence of task demands on MR in infants\, and the possible biological and environmental contributions to performance that may shed light on the intersection of visual/motor skills and mental imagery of 3D objects early in life.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/MooreJohnson2008.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/scott-johnson-mental-rotation-in-adults-and-infants-a-sex-difference/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090511T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090511T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004830Z
CREATED:20200922T214409Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004830Z
UID:4104-1242000000-1242000000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Joseph Manson - Adherence to Conversational Norms in Interactions Among Strangers: Effects on Cooperation and Expectations of Cooperation
DESCRIPTION:Joseph Manson: UCLA Department of AnthropologySeveral studies have shown that\, following brief interactions among strangers\, subjects perform better than chance at predicting whether their co-subjects will defect in a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Game (PDG). However\, previous work did not explore how such predictive accuracy was possible. Theoretical work suggests that adherence to “arbitrary” norms serves a signaling function that allows individuals to assort so as to maximize coordination and cooperative efficiency.  One set of norms\, documented by Conversation Analysis (CA)\, concerns the details of face-to-face interaction\, such as respecting interlocutors’ rights to complete each turn constructional unit (TCU). We hypothesized that Defection in a PDG and predictions of co-subjects’ Defections would be more likely vis-à-vis unfamiliar interlocutors who violated conversational norms at higher frequencies. We videotaped short conversations among same-sex triads of previously unacquainted university students who were naïve to the impending PDG. We then separated participants and directed each of them to (a) play a one-shot PDG with each of their two co-participants and to predict one another’s play decisions and (b) complete the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) along with some demographic questions.  From each videotaped conversation\, a mean of 3.93 min was transcribed using CA methods.  Subjects chose to cooperate in 67.7% of decisions\, comparable to previous studies of face-to-face interaction. However\, participants performed no better than chance at predicting one another’s game play decisions. Nonetheless\, personality and conversational behavior were related to one another and to objective outcomes like game play and earnings\, in both expected and unexpected ways.  We discuss these results with reference to the co-evolution of human cultural variation\, cultural capacities and social judgment mechanisms.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/joseph-manson-adherence-to-conversational-norms-in-interactions-among-strangers-effects-on-cooperation-and-expectations-of-cooperation/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090518T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090518T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004829Z
CREATED:20200922T214410Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004829Z
UID:4105-1242604800-1242604800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Daniel Geschwind - Transcriptome Organization in Human and Primate Brain: Connecting Genes to Brain to Cognition and Behavior
DESCRIPTION:Daniel Geschwind: UCLA Departments of Human Genetics\, Neurology\, and PsychiatryWe are interested in understanding how genes influence human cognition and behavior\, leading to unique human cognitive specializations\, such as language. Advances in molecular and statistical genetics now allow us to identify genes that may be responsible for the emergence of some of these human cognitive features. But convergent approaches relying on data from several levels are necessary to understand a particular gene’s relationship to brain structure and function. To do this\, we have undertaken a multidisciplinary approach involving the study of human diseases affecting these features\, such as autism\, as well as human brain evolution. We have begun to develop methods that try to take into account the systems level organization of gene expression (the transcriptome)\, and applied these to large scale data sets. This has revealed a previously unrecognized organization to the transcriptional program in brain\, which provides a framework on which to understand adaptive changes in gene expression on the human lineage.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/OldhamEtAlNatureNeuroscience.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/daniel-geschwind-transcriptome-organization-in-human-and-primate-brain-connecting-genes-to-brain-to-cognition-and-behavior/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090520T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090520T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004829Z
CREATED:20200922T214410Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004829Z
UID:4106-1242777600-1242777600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Nina Jablonski - The Evolution and Significance of Human Nakedness
DESCRIPTION:Nina Jablonski: Penn State Department of AnthropologyHumans are distinguished from other primates by being functionally hairless over most of their bodies.  This condition evolved because hairlessness facilitated cooling of the body by sweating.  The evaporative cooling made possible by sweating results in whole-body cooling of blood flowing in superficial vessels\, and the maintenance of constant brain temperature.  The combination of anatomical\, physiological\, and new genetic information pertaining to the structure and function human skin have helped to “lay bare” the evolution of human hairlessness and sweatiness.  Hairlessness had major consequences for the evolution of skin pigmentation and the communication of visual information and signals through elaborated facial expressions and\, later\, body painting and decoration.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/JablonskiTalk.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/nina-jablonski-the-evolution-and-significance-of-human-nakedness/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090527T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20090527T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004829Z
CREATED:20200922T214423Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004829Z
UID:4107-1243382400-1243382400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Athena Aktipis - Walking Away from the Haystack:\nConditional Movement Favors the Evolution of Cooperation in Groups
DESCRIPTION:Athena Aktipis: University of Arizona Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyModels such as Maynard Smith’s Haystack model have shown that high rates of movement (i.e.\, migration\, mixing\, dispersal) undermine the evolution of cooperation.  However\, these models generally assume that movement is unconditional.  The present model replaces the assumption of unconditional movement with conditional movement; individuals stay in groups that provide higher returns (by virtue of having more cooperators)\, and ‘Walk Away’ from groups providing low returns.  Implementing this conditional movement rule generates a number of findings including: 1) when individuals have high thresholds\, corresponding to low tolerance for defectors\, this lead to selection for cooperation\, 2) high thresholds lead to high rates of movement initially and lower rates of movement after selection for cooperators\, and 3) population structure becomes more stable after selection increases the proportion of cooperators in the population.  These findings challenge the standard view derived from Maynard Smith’s Haystack model and others that high rates of movement undermine selection for cooperation.  In contrast\, the current model demonstrates that high rates of conditional movement can be associated with stronger selection for cooperation.  These results show that high rates of migration observed in nature are not prohibitive for the evolution of cooperation\, as standard group selection models have assumed.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/AktipisWalkingAwayTextAndFigs.doc
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/athena-aktipis-walking-away-from-the-haystackconditional-movement-favors-the-evolution-of-cooperation-in-groups/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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