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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100405T000000
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DTSTAMP:20201013T004825Z
CREATED:20200922T214726Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004825Z
UID:4134-1270425600-1270425600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Peter Gray - The Descent of Dad's Sexuality
DESCRIPTION:Peter Gray: University of Nevada-Las Vegas Department of AnthropologyHow does fatherhood impact men’s sexuality? In this presentation\, we review some of the core facets of paternal sexuality. Cross-cultural patterns of fertility beliefs suggest that a physiological basis of paternity is usually recognized\, but without a link to mid-cycle ovulation. Male anatomy and semen components are optimized for successful reproduction in the face of relatively low sperm competition. Following conception\, cross-cultural variation in sexual practices during gestation exists. In some societies\, men are expected to engage in frequent intercourse to help foster a fetus’ growth\, whereas in others intercourse quickly plummets following recognition of a pregnancy. Possible explanations for this variation are suggested. Postpartum declines in sexuality are robust in meta-analysis of western societies and cross-culturally\, but also responsive to a number of variables. The resumption of sexual activity within a couple can be best understood with reference to reductions in female libido\, breastfeeding\, the availability of alternative sexual partners (e.g.\, in polygynous marriages)\, marital quality and partners’ ages. The human propensity to have sex in private also poses challenges to the resumption of sexual activity\, especially in light of social sleeping arrangements. Implications and directions for future research are suggested\, including the call for researchers and analysts to consider reproductive state (e.g.\, postpartum) more formally in sexuality data\, and for more inclusive samples (e.g.\, gay fathers and stepfathers) addressing paternal sexuality.http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/ANDMAN.html
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/peter-gray-the-descent-of-dads-sexuality/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100412T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100412T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004825Z
CREATED:20200922T214727Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004825Z
UID:4135-1271030400-1271030400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Tom Griffiths - Effects of Inductive Biases on Cultural Transmission
DESCRIPTION:Tom Griffiths: UC Berkeley Department of Psychology and Group Major in Cognitive ScienceLearning a language\, a concept\, or a social norm all require making an inductive inference\, going beyond the data provided by the behavior of other people. Such inferences are underdetermined by the available data\, allowing people’s biases to influence the conclusion that they reach. These inductive biases reflect the expectations that people have about which hypotheses are most likely to account for the data they observe\, and the factors that make it easier to learn some languages\, concepts\, and norms rather than others. I will present a combination of theoretical results and laboratory experiments demonstrating that inductive biases can have a significant effect on the changes that information undergoes when it is passed from one person to another. By simplifying the process of cultural transmission down to a “diffusion chain” along which information is passed\, we can examine how the inductive biases of individual agents influence the outcome of this transmission process. Assuming that the agents passing information are rational Bayesian learners\, we can prove that over time the information they transmit will be transformed into a form more consistent with their inductive biases. Laboratory experiments in which diffusion chains are constructed from human participants bear out this prediction\, with experiments in which a sequence of people learn from data generated by other people or reconstruct information from memory producing results that reflect their inductive biases. I will discuss the implications of these results for understanding cultural evolution more generally\, as well as for identifying the circumstances under which we can expect knowledge to accumulate over time.http://cocosci.berkeley.edu/tom/papers/ilreview.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/tom-griffiths-effects-of-inductive-biases-on-cultural-transmission/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100419T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100419T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004825Z
CREATED:20200922T214728Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004825Z
UID:4136-1271635200-1271635200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Justin Wood - The Evolutionary Origins of Action Comprehension
DESCRIPTION:Justin Wood: USC Department of PsychologyAs social creatures\, we wake up every morning to a dizzying array of actions from allies and competitors\, in contexts that include cooperation\, resource competition and parental care.  Some actions are intentional\, motivated by either distal or proximal goals; some are accidental\, but nonetheless result in similar consequences.  How do humans comprehend such actions\, and are the mechanisms that subserve this ability uniquely human or shared with other species?  In this talk\, I present evidence that three nonhuman primate species (cotton-top tamarins\, rhesus macaques\, and chimpanzees)\, representing the three major groups (New World monkeys\, Old World monkeys\, and apes) comprehend others’ actions in the same way as human infants and adults.  These results illuminate the evolutionary origins of a primary socio-cognitive ability and help distinguish between competing models of action comprehension in humans.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/JustinWood.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/justin-wood-the-evolutionary-origins-of-action-comprehension/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100426T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20100426T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004825Z
CREATED:20200922T214728Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004825Z
UID:4137-1272240000-1272240000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Dario Maestripieri - Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection and Female Mating Vocalizations in Primates
DESCRIPTION:Dario Maestripieri: University of Chicago Professor of Comparative Human Development\, Evolutionary Biology\, Neurobiology\, and PsychiatryPost-copulatory sexual selection operates through two main mechanisms: sperm competition and post-copulatory female choice. Little is known about the role of female behavior in inciting sperm competition or in the expression of post-copulatory choice. Little is also known about signals that occur after\, rather than before\, mating. The vocalizations that primate females give shortly after mating may be sexually selected signals that play an important role in both sperm competition and post-copulatory female choice. In recent papers\, we have argued that female copulation calls have two immediate functions: to encourage mating attempts by other males and to increase mate guarding by the consort male. These vocalizations may have evolved under the selective pressures of risk of infanticide and sperm competition. When male mate guarding is effective\, copulation calls allow females to concentrate paternity in dominant males and benefit from their protection against the risk of infanticide. When mate guarding is ineffective\, copulation calls bring genetic benefits to females through facilitation of sperm competition. In this seminar\, I will present a quantitative model in which variation in female promiscuity associated with social or ecological factors affects the extent to which dominant males can monopolize females and predicts female tendency to use copulation calls in conjunction with mating. The model predicts that in species with little female promiscuity\, copulation calls should be rare and occur only after mating with dominant males. In species in which females are highly promiscuous\, copulation calls should be frequent and occur after mating with any males regardless of their dominance rank. Consistent with the model\, I will present data showing that female copulation calls are rare or absent in primate species in which male infanticide does not occur and sperm competition is absent or weak\, whereas variation in female promiscuity in species in which male infanticide or sperm competition occurs accurately predicts the extent to which mating is accompanied by copulation calls. I will also present behavioral data from captive baboons showing that female copulation calls are most likely to occur after mating with dominant males and are effective in encouraging post-copulatory mate guarding.http://www.bec.ucla.edu/DarioPaper.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/dario-maestripieri-post-copulatory-sexual-selection-and-female-mating-vocalizations-in-primates/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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