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X-WR-CALNAME:Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://bec.ucla.edu
X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110103T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110103T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004822Z
CREATED:20200922T214816Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004822Z
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SUMMARY:Moshe Hoffman - Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Risk Aversion and Competitiveness
DESCRIPTION:Moshe Hoffman: UCSD Rady School of ManagementWe review the evidence regarding a biological basis for sex differences in risk aversion and competitiveness. We present the relevant literature in evolutionary theory\, and animal behavior\, endocrinology and neuroscience\, as well as the literature relating human risk aversion and competitiveness to handedness\, 2D:4D (a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure)\, facial masculinity (a proxy of pubertal testosterone exposure)\, as well as circulating testosterone. While the results are thus far somewhat mixed\, the evidence suggests that biological factors explain part of the sex gap in these economic preferences.http://bec.ucla.edu/papers/HoffmanPaper1.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/moshe-hoffman-biological-basis-of-sex-differences-in-risk-aversion-and-competitiveness/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110110T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110110T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004822Z
CREATED:20200922T214818Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004822Z
UID:4156-1294617600-1294617600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Bruce Winterhalder - Behavioral ecology models of habitat in-fill and the evolution of prehistoric despotism
DESCRIPTION:Bruce Winterhalder: UC Davis Anthropology & Graduate Group in EcologyMy topic is the evolution of despotism and oligarchies in prehistoric societies.  I begin by covering ground that is theoretically well understood\, the novelty rests in the empirical analysis and methods. Prehistoric settlement of the Northern Channel Islands (Santa Barbara) follows a pattern predicted by the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD).  I establish this by comparing the resource suitability of 46 watersheds to a well-studied archaeological record using a Gibbs sampler to assess model fit. As population on the islands grew\, habitat quality in settled sites declined and sites of decreasing desirability were colonized.  The second part of the talk is more theoretical and speculative.  Reproductive skew models make the prediction that opportunities for socio-economic exploitation would expand concurrently with habitat in-fill. This hypothesis is consistent with the archaeological data\, in that Late Prehistoric Chumash residents of the region were characterized by hereditary chiefdoms\, wide-ranging economic exchange\, declines in stature and endemic conflict. But\, it is not yet well understood in model form.  Acknowledging the influences of both Boserup and Carneiro\, I conclude by describing briefly our effort to develop population ecology models focused directly on the evolution of despotism.papers/WinterhalderPaper1.pdf
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/bruce-winterhalder-behavioral-ecology-models-of-habitat-in-fill-and-the-evolution-of-prehistoric-despotism/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110124T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110124T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004822Z
CREATED:20200922T214818Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004822Z
UID:4157-1295827200-1295827200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jason  A. Clark - Serial homologies of psychological traits: the case of emotions
DESCRIPTION:Jason  A. Clark: University of Osnabrueck Institute for Cognitive ScienceWithin emotion theory\, it is common for theorists to order emotions along phylogenetic and developmental scales.  ‘Basic emotions’ (such as fear and joy) are seen as having a longer evolutionary history that we share with other animals\, and as emerging earlier in development.  Higher-cognitive emotions (such as shame and pride) are often seen as arising de novo in the human line\, and late in development\, and both their evolution and development are seen as arising from uniquely human higher-cognitive capacities.\nHowever\, an increasing number of emotion theorists are converging on the idea that higher-cognitive emotions in humans are homologous to simpler forms of these emotions in nonhuman animals\, and branch off from developmentally earlier and simpler precursors.  One problem faced by such theories is the fact that the more basic forms of emotions appear to persist as such\, despite the emergence of higher-cognitive forms.  This is inconsistent with the standard view of homology according to which ancestral traits are transformed into derived traits in a continuous series in which the original form of the trait is lost or modified.\nOne solution to this problem which reconciles evolutionary and developmental transformations with the persistence of the original forms is to construe these homologies as serial homologies.  In serial homology a trait is duplicated\, and while the original trait usually remains in place and functions as before\, the duplicate trait is allowed to vary independently in response to potentially distinct evolutionary pressures.  According to this model\, ancestral ‘basic’ forms of emotions (or some of their components) are duplicated.  The basic forms of these emotions are retained\, while the duplicates are allowed to vary within uniquely human evolutionary\, cultural and cognitive contexts.  This thesis is illustrated using a variety of emotions\, including shame\, pride\, disgust\, and laughter.  Finally\, while serial homologies are often invoked to explain behaviors\, they are not typically applied directly to psychological capacities.  I consider some of the general issues involved in such applications\, including some potential brain mechanisms that might underlie them.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jason-a-clark-serial-homologies-of-psychological-traits-the-case-of-emotions/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110131T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20110131T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004821Z
CREATED:20200922T214819Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004821Z
UID:4158-1296432000-1296432000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Sarah Mathew - Warfare and the collective action problem in acephalous societies
DESCRIPTION:Sarah Mathew: UCLA Department of AnthropologyKnowledge of the nature and scale of cooperation in acephalous societies is important for understanding the evolution of human sociality. I will present data showing that the Turkana\, an acephalous pastoral society in East Africa\, sustain costly large scale cooperation in warfare through informal sanctions against free riders\, and that Turkana norms regulating warfare benefit the ethno-linguistic group\, not smaller social units. The findings shed light on the equilibrium selection processes that have shaped human sociality and suggest that large scale cooperation may have been common for a long period of human evolutionary history.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/sarah-mathew-warfare-and-the-collective-action-problem-in-acephalous-societies/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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