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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20120109T000000
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DTSTAMP:20201013T004817Z
CREATED:20200922T215136Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004817Z
UID:4192-1326067200-1326067200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Roberto Schonmann - A new approach to evolution in group structured populations.
DESCRIPTION:Roberto Schonmann: UCLA Department of Mathematics\, Sao Paulo University Department of Applied MathThe evolution of cooperation and altruism are fundamental scientific challenges highlighted by their role in the major transitions in\nlife’s history\, when natural selection acted simultaneously on several competing levels. The relevance of basic concepts\, including group selection and Hamilton’s rule remain nevertheless controversial.\nIn this talk I will address these problems by introducing a new framework for modeling evolution in group structured populations\, incorporating inter- and intra-group competition and migration. Combining group-centric with gene-centric perspectives in a constructive group/kin selection approach\, we build methodology that allows for the analysis of arbitrary non-linear fitness functions\, resulting from complex multi-individual interactions accross life cycles. This provides extensions of Hamilton’s rule and reveals conditions under which altruism can evolve when rare\, but genetic relatedness in groups is modest. Emphasis on linear public goods games has supported the belief that inter-group selection favoring altruism\ncould only override intra-group selection favoring selfishness under exceptional conditions. In contrast\, we show that for iterated public goods games\, in which altruists cooperate or not in each round based on previous outcomes altruism can spread even when groups are large\,\nselection is weak and migration rates are substantially larger than the\ninverse of group size. To obtain this result we show that in the absence of selection\, when groups are large\, the fraction of group members that are close relatives of a randomly chosen individual has a non-Gaussian distribution with a fat tail. As a consequence\, even when altruistic alleles are rare in the population\, they have a significant probability of concentrating in some groups\, accruing substantial reproductive gains through synergy. (This is joint work with Renato Vicente and Nestor Caticha\, from Sao Paulo University.)
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/roberto-schonmann-a-new-approach-to-evolution-in-group-structured-populations/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20120123T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20120123T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004817Z
CREATED:20200922T215121Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004817Z
UID:4188-1327276800-1327276800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Keise Izuma - Social Reward Based Decision-Making in Humans
DESCRIPTION:Keise Izuma: Cal TechHuman behaviors are influenced by the concern for social reputation (e.g.\, how other people think of us).  It is well known in behavioral sciences that individuals tend to behave in a more egoistic manner under guaranteed anonymity\, whereas less anonymous situations (e.g.\, the presence of others) increase pro-social behaviors.  These observations are consistent with theoretical studies suggesting that reputation might be a key mediator of aspects of altruistic behavior that are uniquely human.  Thus\, reputation may be a unique and important aspect of our species that incentivizes self-interested individuals to conform to social norms.  In this talk\, we will present the results of three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showing that the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum play key roles in representing one’s own reputation and making decisions based on social reward (positive reputation).  We will also present evidence that social reward based decision-making is selectively impaired in high functioning adults with autism.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/keise-izuma-social-reward-based-decision-making-in-humans/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20120130T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20120130T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004817Z
CREATED:20200922T215134Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004817Z
UID:4189-1327881600-1327881600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Heather Watts -  Influences of social behavior on survival and reproduction in birds and mammals
DESCRIPTION:Heather Watts: LMUPatterns of survival and reproduction are known to be influenced by prevailing environmental conditions. In this talk\, I will draw from my research on gregarious mammals and birds to examine how the social environment can affect these two components of fitness. First\, I will discuss how social status\, group size and maternal support influence survival and reproduction in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)\, a large carnivore that lives in complex social groups much like those of cercopithecine primates. Second\, I will present my recent research investigating the effect of social cues on reproductive timing in the pine siskin (Spinus pinus)\, a nomadic North American finch with a flexible breeding schedule. Throughout\, I discuss what these findings tell us about the evolution of behavior in these species.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/heather-watts-influences-of-social-behavior-on-survival-and-reproduction-in-birds-and-mammals/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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