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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121008T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121008T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004814Z
CREATED:20200922T215245Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004814Z
UID:4208-1349654400-1349654400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Hillard Kaplan - Tsimane Aging and Human Life History Evolution
DESCRIPTION:Hillard Kaplan: The University of New MexicoThis talk examines what we have learned about the aging process among Tsimane forager- horticulturalists\, and the implications of our results for understanding human life history evolution. I review our latest findings on behavior\, inter-generational transfers\, physical function\, immunocompetence and cardiovascular disease. Tsimane men and women remain net producers until about age 70\, the modal age at death for traditional populations\, with significant downward transfers to descendants. They also show that men and women adjust their time use as they age\, adapting to physical decline. Cardiovascular disease is rare\, and heart function remains preserved into the eight decade of life. Immunosenescence\, along with functional declines\, appears to be the major driver in the increasing risk of mortality with age. The lecture concludes with a discussion of the theory of human lifespan evolution\, and important new directions for research.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/hillard-kaplan-tsimane-aging-and-human-life-history-evolution/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121015T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121015T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004814Z
CREATED:20200922T215338Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004814Z
UID:4210-1350259200-1350259200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Noa M. Pinter-Wollman - Individual variation in Collective Behavior
DESCRIPTION:Noa M. Pinter-Wollman: The University of California\, San DiegoThe behavior of biological systems emerges from the\nself-organization of multiple agents that interact with one another\nand follow simple local rules. However\, not all individuals within the\nsystem are identical. I study how individual variation in the behavior\nof worker ants affects the behavior of the colony\, a complex\nbiological system\, as a whole. In social insects\, natural selection\nacts at the colony level. Colonies of harvester ants use interactions\namong workers to closely regulate their foraging activity and balance\nthe trade-off between acquiring food and loosing water due to\ndesiccation while foraging. I will present empirical work from the\nfield and lab along with computer simulations to show how individual\nvariation in worker behavior affects the speed of information\nprocessing by colonies. I further show that colonies vary in how they\nadjust their collective behavior to environmental cues linking\nvariation at the colony level to behavioral variation among individual\nworkers. By exploring the causes and consequences of individual\nvariation within and among social insect colonies I hope to further\nour understanding of how complex biological systems operate and\nevolve.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/noa-m-pinter-wollman-individual-variation-in-collective-behavior/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121022T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121022T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004813Z
CREATED:20200922T215338Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004813Z
UID:4209-1350864000-1350864000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Steven J. Heine - Positive Self-Views\, East and West
DESCRIPTION:Steven J. Heine: University of British ColumbiaA core psychological motivation for people is to view themselves positively\, yet for decades the vast majority of evidence for this motivation came from North American samples. More recent research finds that this motivation varies importantly across cultures\, because there are different kinds of positive views that are prioritized in different cultures. Positive self-views are primarily made manifest in North America through a desire to maintain high self-esteem – that is\, a desire to have a positive evaluation of themselves. In contrast\, the kind of positive self-view that is prioritized in several East Asian cultures is a strong desire to maintain face – that is\, a desire to have others in one’s social network judge that the individual is functioning adequately in their position within that network.\nThese two distinct kinds of positive self-views are associated with highly divergent psychological processes. In their efforts to maintain high self-esteem\, North Americans demonstrate stronger tendencies for self-enhancement\, they show more of a promotion focus\, maintain a largely internal frame of awareness\, and have more entity theories of abilities. In contrast\, in their efforts to maintain face\, East Asians show stronger tendencies for self-improvement\, demonstrate more of a prevention focus\, maintain a largely external frame of awareness\, and have more incremental theories of abilities. Evidence for cultural variation in each of these processes will be discussed\, alongside discussions of alternative explanations.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/steven-j-heine-positive-self-views-east-and-west/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121024T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121024T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004813Z
CREATED:20200922T215339Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004813Z
UID:4211-1351036800-1351036800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Frances Chen - The Neurobiology of Sensitivity to Social Support and Interpersonal Conflict
DESCRIPTION:Frances Chen: University of FreiburgSocial relationships are a source of support and comfort in our lives\, as well as a source of stress and conflict. Thus\, the ability to regulate responses to both positive and negative emotions and cognitions arising from social interactions can significantly influence both physical and mental health. In my talk\, I will present evidence from two studies suggesting an early-emerging and persistent role of the oxytocin system in sensitivity to social support. Specifically\, common variants of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) predict physiological\, psychological\, and behavioral responses to social support and stress in both adults and infants. I will also present results from a third study exploring the role of the oxytocin system in human social approach behavior. In addition\, I will discuss my ongoing research on how internal working models of relationships (e.g. perceptions and beliefs about the status and intentions of social partners) interact with neuroendocrine activity to influence responses to social stress and interpersonal conflict.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/frances-chen-the-neurobiology-of-sensitivity-to-social-support-and-interpersonal-conflict/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121029T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20121029T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004813Z
CREATED:20200922T215352Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004813Z
UID:4214-1351468800-1351468800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Rafael Nunez - Making sense of Time: Body\, Ecology\, and Culture in Human Abstraction
DESCRIPTION:Rafael Nunez: The University of California\, San DiegoTime\, a fundamental aspect of human experience\, is elusive and abstract. We cannot perceive time directly through the senses in the way we perceive color\, texture\, or heat. In order to make sense of\, and talk about\, temporal experience we must construe it in a stable and tractable manner. This is achieved via cultural practices built on the recruitment of bodily-grounded mechanisms that make human imagination possible\, such as conceptual mappings. This remarkable but ubiquitous phenomenon manifests itself via ordinary linguistic metaphors as in the English expressions “the week ahead looks great” and “way back\, in my childhood.” Furthermore\, beyond words and grammar\, this phenomenon can be observed also through largely unconscious motor actions co-produced with speech — spontaneous gestures\, which reveal its deep conceptual nature. But\, is the human conceptualization of time universal? Based on shared general features of body morphology there is a widespread egocentric pattern which places future in front of Ego and past behind\, as in the above linguistic examples. However\, there are striking variations as well\, which can be documented with rigorous ethnographic linguistic/behavioral observations. In this presentation I will show data from our projects conducted among the Aymara of the Andes\, and the Yupno of the mountains of Papua New Guinea. The Aymara operate with a “reversed” egocentric pattern in which the future is conceived as being behind Ego and the past as being in front. More recently\, and perhaps even more strikingly\, we found that the Yupno spontaneously construe time spatially not even in egocentric terms\, but in terms of allocentric topography: past as downhill and future as uphill — a pattern that had not been documented before. Moreover\, the Yupno construal is not linear\, but exhibits a particular “bent” geometry that appears to reflect the local terrain. Our results show that humans make sense of time sharing some basic spatial universals\, but that striking differences also exist regarding the types of spatial properties that are recruited for spatializing time. The findings shed light on how\, our universal human embodiment notwithstanding\, linguistic\, cultural\, and environmental pressures generate and come to shape abstract concepts.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/rafael-nunez-making-sense-of-time-body-ecology-and-culture-in-human-abstraction/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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