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X-WR-CALNAME:Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130408T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130408T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T004811Z
CREATED:20200922T215704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T004811Z
UID:4226-1365379200-1365379200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Lucia Jacobs - Chemosensory cognition and the evolution of olfaction
DESCRIPTION:Lucia Jacobs: University of Caliornia\, BerkeleyThe chemical senses of vertebrates present some of the most enduring mysteries of brain evolution. First\, it is not clear why are there two olfactory systems:  the main system (MOS)\, detecting odorants on the olfactory epithelium and projecting to the olfactory bulb\, and the accessory system (AOS)\, detecting odorants in the vomeronasal organ and projecting to the accessory olfactory bulb. More perplexing\, taxonomic patterns of olfactory system presence and size cannot be explained by any current hypothesis\, whether behavioral or phylogenetic. Yet the two systems vary immensely in structure and complexity across vertebrates\, particularly in primates. Rather than assuming that the size of an olfactory system scales with the need to discriminate a class of odorants\, I propose a new hypothesis: that the MOS evolved as a navigation system\, to map the aqueous chemical world experienced by the early vertebrates. I further propose that this function retained its primacy in land vertebrates\, and that this spatio-temporal hypothesis of olfaction offers a new explanation for the patterns of neural architecture\, plasticity and allometry of olfactory systems in vertebrates.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/lucia-jacobs-chemosensory-cognition-and-the-evolution-of-olfaction/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130415T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130415T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005138Z
CREATED:20200922T215704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005138Z
UID:4227-1365984000-1365984000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Rich Connor - Multi-level dolphin alliances in Shark Bay
DESCRIPTION:Rich Connor: University of Massachusetts DartmouthFor over 25 years we have documented a multi-level alliance structure among male bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay\, Western Australia.   Males cooperate in pairs and trios\, ‘1st-order alliances\,’ to form temporary consortships with individual females.   First-order alliance partners are drawn from a male’s second-order alliance. Second-order alliances have 4-14 males and may be stable for over two decades\, but occasionally lose or take in new members. First-order alliances vary in stability but this variation is not strongly related to 2nd order alliance size. Members of 2nd order alliances engage with conflicts with other groups over females\, sometimes in the company of other 2nd order alliances they associate with\, suggesting a 3rd alliance level.  The male alliances and individual females live in an open social network where both sexes maintain their mother’s natal range as part of their adult home range.  The study area can be divided into a subdivided area characterized by shallow offshore flats bisected by deeper channels and an open habitat.  Trios predominate in the open habitat while pairs are common in the subdivided habitat.  Further\, the largest 2nd order alliances (>9) use the open habitat at least part of the year.  The combination of 120 males with known alliance affiliations combined with recent technological advances presents an exciting future for studies on the development\, communication\, genetics and ecology of alliance formation.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/rich-connor-multi-level-dolphin-alliances-in-shark-bay/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130422T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130422T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005138Z
CREATED:20200922T215716Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005138Z
UID:4229-1366588800-1366588800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Nancy Segal - Twins Raised Apart and other Unusual Pairings: Genetics\, Personality and Social Relatedness
DESCRIPTION:Nancy Segal: California State University\, FullertonAn overview of the origins\, methods\, findings\, implications and controversies from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart is provided. This study\, which took place between 1979 and 1999 at the University of Minnesota\, accumulated a wealth of behavioral\, physical and medical data on 137 reared apart twin pairs\, 81 monozygotic (MZA) and 56 dizygotic (DZA). The focus will be on the personality and twin relationship findings\, and their comparison with comparable data from an ongoing study of personality similarity and social relatedness between unrelated individuals who look alike\, but are genetically unrelated (U-LAs). The U-LAs allow unique assessment of issues and questions relevant to behavioral genetic and evolutionary-based analyses. It is concluded that (1) similar treatment of MZ twins results from their shared behavioral traits\, rather than their matched appearance as some critics have claimed\, and (2) physical resemblance does not predict close social relations between people in the absence of perceived behavioral similarities.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/nancy-segal-twins-raised-apart-and-other-unusual-pairings-genetics-personality-and-social-relatedness/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130424T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130424T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005138Z
CREATED:20200922T215340Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005138Z
UID:4213-1366761600-1366761600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Paul Heggarty - What Role for Language in Uncovering the Human Past?
DESCRIPTION:Paul Heggarty: 4:00 PM Cotsen Institute Room A222From the Tower of Babel to the tales of the Aboriginal Dreamtime\, we have long sought to account for our baffling multiplicity of tongues. Linguistic science itself was born out of this curiosity — and by now can look to our language diversity no longer as just an enigma to be solved\, but also as a rich seam of data on the human past.\nOr at least potentially so\, for it remains a challenge to work out exactly what the linguistic record really tells us. Certainly\, it cannot safely be read without the complementary perspectives of our other windows on the past. This talk surveys how linguistics might both enrich and learn from all its sister disciplines within the original ‘four field’ foundations of anthropology\, not least archaeology and population genetics. In their data-sets\, methods and analyses these disciplines all differ radically\, but they are only all the more complementary for it\, towards their common goal of uncovering what is\, after all\, the same\, single human past.\nEarly attempts were bedevilled by false analogies and simplistic associations between languages\, ‘cultures’ and ‘peoples’\, engendering a generalised distrust of speculations on grand cross-disciplinary synopses. So I return here to first principles\, to reconsider how it is that language can inform us of the past at all. Language is a ‘social animal’; it does not ‘just happen’ that language lineages spread\, interact\, diverge or converge\, as if in a social\, cultural and demographic vacuum. Rather\, those outcomes are but the linguistic reflexes of processes at work far more generally\, created by and acting upon the people and societies that speak those languages. These same processes leave their imprints in material culture and the bio-archaeological and genetic records too\, so it is here that the link between our disciplines lies.\nTo be convincing and coherent\, our respective scenarios need to match independently on three key levels: when\, where and why. On each\, I survey the main models and methods (both traditional and new) devised for setting our language lineages into their (pre)historical contexts. I assess proposed techniques for linguistic dating\, and for locating the ancestral homelands of great language families. And on causation\, I peel back the distorting impacts of the modern world to explore the past roles of technologies\, trade and cultural networks\, state organisation\, conquest\, subsistence regimes\, demography and environment. Any such real-world cause must also be commensurate in scale with whatever linguistic effect it is invoked to explain.\nIllustrations are taken from across the millennia and across the world\, from individual case-studies to the broadest patterns and contrasts in the global linguistic panorama: hotspots and ‘deserts’ of language diversity; powerful convergence areas; and vast\, deep-time language families such as Indo-European or Afro-Asiatic\, driven by some great expansive and divergent processes\, but which? I conclude with the most ambitious generalisations of all\, and the furore surrounding them: farming/language dispersals\, and the claims to reduce vast proportions of all human languages into great macro-families such as the putative ‘Amerind’ of the New World.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/paul-heggarty-what-role-for-language-in-uncovering-the-human-past/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130429T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20130429T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005138Z
CREATED:20200922T215717Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005138Z
UID:4230-1367193600-1367193600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook - Is Postpartum Depression a Disease of Modern Civilization?
DESCRIPTION:Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook: University of California\, Los AngelesPostpartum depression poses an evolutionary puzzle: it is extremely common\, yet significantly reduces the reproductive fitness of both mothers and children.  Why has natural selection failed to remove this trait?  I will consider the hypothesis that postpartum depression represents a “disease of modern civilization” – that is\, a byproduct of the dramatic cultural changes to motherhood that have occurred over the last century. This perspective predicts that postpartum depression will be more common in contexts where breastfeeding\, diet\, exercise\, sleep\, & alloparenting patterns diverge most dramatically from those of our Pleistocene ancestors.  I will present cross-cultural\, epidemiological\, and experimental studies showing that postpartum depression is associated with early weaning\, insufficient vitamin D due to limited sun exposure\, diets deficient in essential fatty acids\, and isolation from kin support networks\, all of which diverge significantly from lifestyles typical throughout most of human evolution.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/jennifer-hahn-holbrook-is-postpartum-depression-a-disease-of-modern-civilization/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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