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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131104T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131104T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005136Z
CREATED:20200922T215819Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005136Z
UID:4258-1383523200-1383523200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:C. Randy Gallistel - The Perception of Probability
DESCRIPTION:C. Randy Gallistel: Rutgers University Department of Cognitive Psychology I present a computational model to explain the results from experiments in which subjects estimate the hidden probability parameter of a stepwise non-stationary Bernoulli process outcome by outcome. The model captures the following results qualitatively and quantitatively\, with only two free parameters: 1) Subjects do not update their estimate after each outcome; they step from one estimate to another at irregular intervals. 2) The joint distribution of step widths and heights cannot be explained on the assumption that a threshold amount of change must be exceeded in order for them to indicate a change in their perception. 3) The mapping of observed probability to the median perceived probability is the identity function over the full range of probabilities. 4) Precision (how close estimates are to the best possible estimate) is good and constant over the full range. 5) Subjects quickly detect substantial changes in the hidden probability parameter. 6) The perceived probability sometimes changes dramatically from one observation to the next. 7) Subjects sometimes have second thoughts about a previous change perception\, after observing further outcomes. 8) The frequency with which they perceive changes moves in the direction of the true frequency over sessions. The model treats the perception of the current probability as a byproduct of the construction of a compact encoding of the experienced sequence in terms of its change points. It illustrates the why and the how of intermittent Bayesian belief updating and retrospective revision in simple perception.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/c-randy-gallistel-the-perception-of-probability/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131118T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131118T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005135Z
CREATED:20200922T215831Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005135Z
UID:4259-1384732800-1384732800@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Dwight Read -  How Culture Makes Us Human: From Experiential-Based to Relational-Based Forms of Social Organization
DESCRIPTION:Dwight Read: UCLA Department of AnthropologyThe theme of my talk centers on the evolutionary changes that distinguish human social systems from those of our non-human primate ancestors—are we simply the next step in the phylogenetic sequence that leads to our evolutionary development as a species\, or did the innovation that we refer to as culture introduce a definitive turn in that evolutionary sequence? I will develop an answer to this question by tracing out the evolutionary pathway from our non-human primate ancestors to the beginnings of the culture-based systems of social organization that characterize human societies. In this account\, I assess the validity of each of two main ways to characterize that evolutionary pathway.  The first sees us as simply an extension of the evolutionary pattern observable in the phylogenetic sequence leading to our species through our hominin ancestry\, including elaboration on the rudiments of culture found among the non-human primates\, especially the chimpanzees. The second views the transition to human societies as analogous to a phase shift\, hence models of the evolutionary development of social systems among the non-human primates do not provide\, by themselves\, a secure foundation for understanding the subsequent evolutionary development of the relation-based systems of social organization that characterize human societies\, with their likely beginning in the Upper Paleolithic.  I conclude by discussing some of the implications the latter has for models of for the evolution of human social and cultural systems.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/dwight-read-how-culture-makes-us-human-from-experiential-based-to-relational-based-forms-of-social-organization/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131125T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20131125T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005135Z
CREATED:20200922T215831Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005135Z
UID:4260-1385337600-1385337600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Andy Sih - Three Frontiers in the Study of Behavioural Syndromes (aka Animal Personalities)
DESCRIPTION:Andy Sih: UC Davis Department of Environmental Science and Policy Over the past decade\, a rapidly growing number of studies have shown that animals often exhibit personalities; e.g.\, where some individuals are consistently more aggressive\, bold\, active\, exploratory or social than others.  Here\, I present theory\, data and ideas on three ‘frontiers’ in the study of the ecological and evolutionary implications of this phenomenon.  First\, I discuss a theoretical/conceptual framework for explaining variation in the phenomenon.  Why are individuals sometimes very consistent (stable) in their personality\, but other times\, less so?  When do we expect early experiences to have large effects on later personality\, versus when do we expect little or no lasting effect of early experiences?  Second\, I examine the interaction between individual behavioural types (BTs) and the social situation in determining individual behaviours and fitness outcomes (mating success).  This section raises issues about group selection on personalities\, keystone individuals\, social skill and rapidly reversible mating systems.  Finally\, I present data and ideas on a key ecological implication of behavioural syndromes – the effect of behavioural type dependent dispersal on ecological invasions and spatial ecology\, in general.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/andy-sih-three-frontiers-in-the-study-of-behavioural-syndromes-aka-animal-personalities/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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