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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141006T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141006T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005132Z
CREATED:20200922T215918Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005132Z
UID:4283-1412553600-1412553600@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Trent Smith - Evolution\, Economic Insecurity\, and the Modern Obesity Epidemic
DESCRIPTION:Trent Smith: University of OtagoWhy have obesity rates risen sharply around the world since 1980? In biological perspective\, humans and other animals are thought to have evolved the ability—and the propensity—to store energy as body fat in order to survive periods of starvation. While food may be more abundant than ever today\, it is becoming increasingly clear that neoliberal economic policies have been progressively shifting more and more risk onto households over the period in which body weights have risen most dramatically\, and that obesity rates have risen most in countries that have pursued such policies most aggressively. A growing body of research now supports the “economic insecurity hypothesis\,” which posits that uncertainty with respect to one’s material well-being may be an important root cause of the modern obesity epidemic. This lecture will review evidence supporting this hypothesis\, from both the natural sciences and from econometric studies performed at the level of individuals\, of demographic groups\, and of countries. Implications for public policy will be discussed.http://www.business.otago.ac.nz/econ/Personal/ts_files/thumbprint.pdfhttp://www.business.otago.ac.nz/econ/Personal/ts_files/insecurity.pdfhttp://www.business.otago.ac.nz/econ/Personal/ts_files/stressdiet.pdfhttp://econpapers.repec.org/paper/agsaaea13/151419.htm
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/trent-smith-evolution-economic-insecurity-and-the-modern-obesity-epidemic/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141008T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141008T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005132Z
CREATED:20200922T215931Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005132Z
UID:4284-1412726400-1412726400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Joshua Greene - Moral Tribes: Emotion\, Reason & the Gap Between Us and Them
DESCRIPTION:Joshua Greene: Harvard UniversityIn this talk I’ll present some of the main themes in my book of the same title. First\, there are two general kinds of moral problems: The original moral problem is the problem of cooperation\, the “Tragedy of the Commons”—Me vs. Us. Distinctively modern moral problems are different. They involve what I call the “Tragedy of Commonsense Morality\,” which is about conflicting values and interests across social groups—Us vs. Them.  Second\, there two general kinds of moral thinking: “fast” intuitive thinking that is efficient but inflexible\, and “slow” moral reasoning that is flexible but inefficient. I’ll present evidence that “fast” thinking is good for solving more basic moral problems (Me vs. Us)\, but that we need “slow” moral thinking to handle modern moral problems (Us vs. Them).
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/joshua-greene-moral-tribes-emotion-reason-the-gap-between-us-and-them/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141013T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141013T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005132Z
CREATED:20200922T215932Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005132Z
UID:4285-1413158400-1413158400@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Carl T. Bergstrom - Dealing With Deception in Biology
DESCRIPTION:Carl T. Bergstrom: Washington UniversityOver the past 3.5 billion years\, living organisms have evolved to acquire\, store\, analyze\, and transmit information. This information processing capacity has allowed organisms to build up increasingly complex social organizations predicated on the effective coordination and cooperation. Coordination and cooperation in turn require honest communication among the participants in a social group. To function effectively\, however\, social systems need to overcome various strategic issues surrounding the threat of deception: Why do agents share information even when their interests conflict? Why don’t cheaters exploit and undermine communication by sending deceptive signals?  How do communicating parties avoid eavesdropping and signal tampering? Such problems arise among the individuals within complex animal societies such as baboon troops\, cooperatively nesting birds\, and social insects\, and also among the cells within any single multicellular organism. I argue that the threat of deception can be broken down into at least two categories: 1) cases in which the legitimate members of the social institution have some overlap in interests\, but they also have individual incentives for deception\, and 2) cases in which non-members of the social organization attempt to parasitize and exploit the system by subversion and other forms of trickery.  We see the former category in the evolution of mate-choice signals; we see the latter in the evolution of immune strategies to deal with pathogens.  I will discuss the problem of deception in biological systems\, describe how these problems can be formalized using mathematical game theory\, and outline some of the strategies that organisms use to overcome these problems.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/carl-t-bergstrom-dealing-with-deception-in-biology/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141020T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141020T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005132Z
CREATED:20200922T215932Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005132Z
UID:4286-1413763200-1413763200@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Scott Wiltermuth - I’d Only Let You Down: Guilt Proneness and the Avoidance of Harmful Interdependence
DESCRIPTION:Scott Wiltermuth: USCFive studies demonstrated that highly guilt-prone people may avoid forming interdependent partnerships with others whom they perceive to be more competent than themselves\, as benefitting a partner less than the partner benefits one’s self could trigger feelings of guilt.  Highly guilt-prone people who lacked expertise in a domain were less willing than were those low in guilt proneness who lacked expertise in that domain to create outcome-interdependent relationships with people who possessed domain-specific expertise.  Guilt proneness therefore predicts whether\, and with whom\, people develop interdependent relationships. The findings also demonstrate that highly-guilt prone people sacrifice financial gain out of concern about how their actions would influence others’ welfare.  As such\, the findings demonstrate a novel way in which guilt proneness limits free-riding and therefore reduces the incidence of potentially unethical behavior. Lastly\, the findings demonstrate that people who lack competence may not always seek out competence in others when choosing partners. 
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/scott-wiltermuth-id-only-let-you-down-guilt-proneness-and-the-avoidance-of-harmful-interdependence/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141027T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20141027T000000
DTSTAMP:20201013T005132Z
CREATED:20200922T215933Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201013T005132Z
UID:4287-1414368000-1414368000@bec.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Leda Cosmides - Erasing Race in California and Brazil: Racial Categorization Varies Systematically with Patterns of Alliance Across Seven Brazilian States
DESCRIPTION:Leda Cosmides: UC Santa BarbaraAccording to the alliance detection hypothesis\, racial categorization is a (reversible) byproduct of cognitive mechanisms that evolved for detecting social alliances (Kurzban\, Tooby & Cosmides\, 2001; Pietraszewski\, Cosmides & Tooby\, 2014). In southern California\, showing subjects a single social interaction in which race is uncorrelated with alliance patterns produces a sharp decrease in racial categorization. But what happens in Brazil\, where the social history linking race with alliance patterns is different? We conducted tests in seven Brazilian states that differ radically in their racial composition. Social class is a major dimension along which alliances are formed\, and these states differ in the extent to which race predicts social class. Across states\, the extent to which categorization by race decreased in response to alliance cues was highly correlated (r = .97) with the cue validity of race for predicting that targets were of the same social class as the subjects.
URL:https://bec.ucla.edu/event/leda-cosmides-erasing-race-in-california-and-brazil-racial-categorization-varies-systematically-with-patterns-of-alliance-across-seven-brazilian-states/
CATEGORIES:Past Presentation,Presentation
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