Moshe Hoffman: UCSD Rady School of ManagementWe review the evidence regarding a biological basis for sex differences in risk aversion and competitiveness. We present the relevant literature in evolutionary theory, and animal behavior, endocrinology and neuroscience, as well as the literature relating human risk aversion and competitiveness to handedness, 2D:4D (a proxy of prenatal testosterone […]
Bruce Winterhalder: UC Davis Anthropology & Graduate Group in EcologyMy topic is the evolution of despotism and oligarchies in prehistoric societies. I begin by covering ground that is theoretically well understood, the novelty rests in the empirical analysis and methods. Prehistoric settlement of the Northern Channel Islands (Santa Barbara) follows a pattern predicted by the […]
Jason A. Clark: University of Osnabrueck Institute for Cognitive ScienceWithin emotion theory, it is common for theorists to order emotions along phylogenetic and developmental scales. 'Basic emotions' (such as fear and joy) are seen as having a longer evolutionary history that we share with other animals, and as emerging earlier in development. Higher-cognitive emotions (such […]
Sarah Mathew: UCLA Department of AnthropologyKnowledge of the nature and scale of cooperation in acephalous societies is important for understanding the evolution of human sociality. I will present data showing that the Turkana, an acephalous pastoral society in East Africa, sustain costly large scale cooperation in warfare through informal sanctions against free riders, and that […]
Derek E. Lyons: Post-Doctoral Scholar; UC Irvine Department of InformaticsChildren are generally masterful imitators, both rational and flexible in their acquisition of knowledge from the observation of others. A phenomenon that we have termed overimitation (Lyons, Young, & Keil, 2007), however, initially seems a curious exception to this rule. After observing an adult intentionally operating […]
Brian Wood: Stanford Department of AnthropologyIn this research, we use newly collected data describing how Hadza men’s foods were produced, shared, and consumed in order to elucidate the general motivations underlying, and consequences of, Hadza male foraging strategies. We test predictions of the showoff, costly signaling, household provisioning, and kin provisioning hypotheses, finding strong support […]
Ádám Miklósi: Eötvös University Department of EthologyFor longer than we can remember dogs and humans have been friends. While both humanity and dogs benefited from this relationship, science has not shown any interest in the “Whys” and “How-s” until recently. However, the last 15 years have pushed the dog into the middle ground of comparative […]
Sarah Mesnick: Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries ServiceKnowledge of the genetic structure of social groupings provides the basis for understanding the relative influences of kin selection and reciprocity in the evolution of individual behavior and for understanding the basis of population structure, which is important for conservation. Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, groups comprised of […]
Ivy Pike: University of Arizona Department of AnthropologyGrowing efforts to carefully link social environments to biological experiences have emerged in many disciplines; Anthropology is no exception. This integrative perspective aims to place bodies in context with a strong awareness of the role gradients of inequality play in shaping population variation in health. While much anthropological […]
Michael McCullough: University of Miami Department of PsychologyExploitation—the targeted infliction of fitness costs on another organism for the purpose of capturing benefits for the self—is a fact of life for social organisms. Because of its pervasiveness in social life, natural selection gives rise to deterrence mechanisms (e.g., thorns, toxins, defensive weaponry) designed to alter potential […]
