Russ Poldrack: UCLA PsychologyIt has become common practice amongst neuroimaging researchers to infer the presence of mental processes from activation in particular parts of the brain. The validity of this practice, which I refer to as "reverse inference", depends upon how selectively specific brain regions are associated with specific mental processes. I will present evidence […]
Michael Arbib: USC NeuroscienceHuman language is far more than speech and its derivatives such as writing. Human signed languages like American Sign Language are fully expressive human languages, and speakers normally accompany their speech with facial and manual gestures. Thus any theory of language evolution must address these integral roles that manual signs and gestures […]
Roger Sullivan: CSU Sacramento, Anthropology, and UC Davis School of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNeurobiological models of drug abuse propose that drug use is initiated and maintained by rewarding feedback mechanisms. However, most commonly used drugs are plant neurotoxins that evolved to punish, not reward, consumption by animal herbivores. Reward models therefore implicitly assume an […]
Afzal Upal: OccidentalCognitive anthropologists such as Pascal Boyer have argued that religious concepts are minimally counterintuitive and that this gives them mnemic advantages. I will ague that people have the memory architecture that results in such concepts being more memorable because it makes them better learners which gives them an evolutionary edge over their competitors. […]
Mark Collard: Simon Fraser University Archaeology
Aaron Blaisdell: UCLA Psychology and Brain Research InstituteI report a series of experiments showing that rats appear to make causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning. (1) They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. After learning through […]
Steve Gangestad: University of New Mexico PsychologyBroad, ambitious conceptualizations of the evolution of human sexuality (and accompanying unique social, developmental, and intellectual adaptations) offered by anthropologists and biologists over the last half century have been, almost universally, rooted in a foundational assumption: That women evolutionarily “lost†estrus—a distinct fertile-phase sexuality—and instead evolved “continuous†sexuality across […]
John Mitani: University of Michigan Anthropology
Jelmer Eerkens: UC Davis AnthropologyLaboratory experiments and ethnographic studies show that many aspects of human culture, particularly information, can change quickly in the course of transmission. The archaeological record indicates much more conservative rates of change, at least for material culture. Is there common theoretical ground between the micro- and macro- scales? This paper considers […]
Becky Frank: UCLA AnthropologyThe goal of this project was to examine the dynamics of exchange among female baboons and test predictions derived from a biological market model of grooming. Evolutionary theory predicts that cooperation among nonkin will be limited to reciprocating partners who monitor the balance of trade within their relationships in order to prevent […]
